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作者：Ang, Fan; Hen, Lin s.; Oveisgharan, Shahram; Darbar, Dawood; Bennett, David a.
作者单位：Tsinghua University; University of Chicago; Rush University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：Mendelian randomization (MR) assesses the total effect of exposure on outcome. With the rapidly increasing availability of summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs), MR leverages existing summary statistics and is widely used to study the causal effects among complex traits and diseases. The total effect in the population is a sum of indirect and direct effects. For complex disease outcomes with complicated etiologies and/or for modifiable exposure traits, there may exist...
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作者：Li, Yifan; Wu, Chunjie; Li, Wendong; Tsung, Fugee; Guo, Jianhua
作者单位：Nanjing Audit University; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; East China Normal University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Beijing Technology & Business University
摘要：Passenger flow surveillance in urban transport systems has emerged as a major global issue for smart city management. Governments are taking proper measures to monitor passenger flow in order to maintain social stability and to prevent unexpected group events. It is critical to develop a passenger flow surveillance system that continuously monitors the passenger flow over time and triggers a signal as soon as the passenger flow begins to deteriorate so that timely government intervention can b...
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作者：Liu, Yusha; Carbonetto, Peter; Takahama, Michihiro; Gruenbaum, Adam; Xie, Dongyue; Chevrier, Nicolas; Stephens, Matthew
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Chicago
摘要：Detecting differences in gene expression is an important part of singlecell RNA sequencing experiments, and many statistical methods have been developed for this aim. Most differential expression analyses focus on comparing expression between two groups (e.g., treatment vs. control). But there is increasing interest in multicondition differential expression analyses in which expression is measured in many conditions and the aim is to accurately detect and estimate expression differences in all...
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作者：Wang, Chunyu; Shen, Jiaming; Charalambous, Christiana; Pan, Jianxin
作者单位：University of Cambridge; MRC Biostatistics Unit; University of Manchester; Beijing Normal University
摘要：Motivated by the clinical evidence that the biomarker variability may have prognostic value for a related disease, we extend the standard joint model for longitudinal and time-to-event outcomes to incorporate the weighted cumulative effects of both biomarker level and variability on the survival hazard. A mixed-effects model is specified for biomarker observations wherein the subject-specific trajectories are modelled by spline functions with random coefficients. Borrowing ideas from smoothing...
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作者：Hou, Xuesong; Mai, Qing; Zou, Hui
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：Sensor arrays are often used to identify chemicals by measuring properly chosen chemical interactions. Machine learning techniques are of vital importance to accurately recognize a chemical based on the sensor array measurements. However, sensor array data often take the form of matrices (i.e, two-way tensors), and the concentration levels may have a complex impact on the measurements. Hence, existing linear and/or vector classification methods may be inadequate for sensor array data. In this ...
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作者：Brumberg, Katherine; Small, Dylan s.; Rosenbaum, Paul r.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Do the impacts that occur when playing high school football have concussive effects that accelerate cognitive decline late in life? We examine this possibility using newly available cognitive data describing people in 2020 who graduated high school in 1957. Someone who was 18 in 1957 would be 81 in 2020. For this comparison we develop a new design for an observational study, called a triples design, and discuss its advantages and construction. A triples design consists of M blocks of size 3, w...
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作者：Chiou, Jeng-min; Li, Pai-ling
作者单位：National Taiwan University; Tamkang University
摘要：Motivated by an interest in predicting the status of road traffic congestion within a short period, this paper presents a generalized functional linear regression model for predicting traffic breakdown probabilities. In this model, traffic congestion status is the response variable, and we utilize the observed traffic speed trajectories and their first two derivatives as functional predictors, representing different features of a random function. While the derivatives of a trajectory may conta...
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作者：Hong, Hyokyoung G.; Graubard, Barry I.; Gastwirth, Joseph L.; Kim, Mi- Ok
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); NIH National Cancer Institute- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics; George Washington University; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：We develop a quantile regression decomposition (QRD) method for analyzing observed disparities (OD) between population groups in socioeconomic and health-related outcomes for complex survey data. The conventional decomposition approaches use the conditional mean regression to decompose the disparity into two parts, the part explained by the difference arising from the different distributions in the explanatory covariates and the remaining part, which is unexplained by the covariates. Many soci...
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作者：Fogliato, Riccardo; Kuchibhotla, Arun Kumar; Lipton, Zachary; Nagin, Daniel; Xiang, Alice; Chouldechova, Alexandra
作者单位：Amazon.com; Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; Sony Corporation; Sony Deutschland GmbH
摘要：Many important policy decisions concerning policing hinge on our understanding of how likely various criminal offenses are to result in arrests. Since many crimes are never reported to law enforcement, estimates based on police records alone must be adjusted to account for the likelihood that each crime would have been reported to the police. In this paper we present a methodological framework for estimating the likelihood of arrest from police data that incorporates estimates of crime reporti...
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作者：Franzolini, Beatrice; Beskos, Alexandros; De Iorio, Maria; Koziell, Warrick Poklewski; Grzeszkiewicz, Karolina
作者单位：Bocconi University; University of London; University College London; National University of Singapore; Yale NUS College
摘要：Reliable estimates of volatility and correlation are fundamental in economics and finance for understanding the impact of macroeconomics events on the market and guiding future investments and policies. Dependence across financial returns is likely to be subject to sudden structural changes, especially in correspondence with major global events, such as the COVID19 pandemic. In this work we are interested in capturing abrupt changes over time in the conditional dependence across U.S. industry ...
