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作者：Wang, Tian; Li, Bing; Xu, Huang; Miao, Yuqi; Qian, Min; Wang, Shuang
作者单位：Columbia University; Brown University
摘要：Many statistical methods examining associations and predictions of microbiome on health outcomes are distance-based, where several distance metrics are calculated to capture different aspects of microbiome and the optimal one is selected for final association or prediction. Studies have suggested that diverse forms of taxa are linked to health outcomes; that is, both abundant taxa in close proximity and rare taxa far away on the phylogenetic tree could be associated with or predictive of the s...
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作者：Yu, Ang; Elwert, Felix
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We introduce a new nonparametric causal decomposition approach that identifies the mechanisms by which a treatment variable contributes to a group-based outcome disparity. Our approach distinguishes three mechanisms: group differences in: (1) treatment prevalence, (2) average treatment effects, and (3) selection into treatment based on individual-level treatment effects. Our approach reformulates classic Kitagawa-Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions in causal and nonparametric terms, complements caus...
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作者：Goplerud, Max; Imai, Kosuke; Pashley, Nicole E.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Harvard University; Harvard University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：Estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects is an active area of research. Most of the existing methods, however, focus on estimating the conditional average treatment effects of a single, binary treatment given a set of pretreatment covariates. In this paper we propose a method to estimate the heterogeneous causal effects of high-dimensional treatments, which poses unique challenges in terms of estimation and interpretation. The proposed approach finds maximally heterogeneous groups and use...
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作者：Luo, Fangzhi; Tan, Jianbin; Zhang, Donglan; Huang, Hui; Shen, Ye
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; Duke University; Renmin University of China; Renmin University of China
摘要：Understanding the longitudinally changing associations between Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) and stroke mortality is essential for effective stroke management. Previous studies have uncovered significant regional disparities in the associations between SDOH and stroke mortality. However, existing studies have not utilized longitudinal associations to develop data-driven methods for regional division in stroke control. To fill this gap, we propose a novel clustering method to analyze SDO...
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作者：Maier, Eva-Maria; Stoecker, Almond; Fitzenberger, Bernd; Greven, Sonja
作者单位：Humboldt University of Berlin; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：Motivated by research on gender identity norms and the distribution of the woman's share in a couple's total labor income, we consider additive regression models for densities as responses with scalar covariates. To preserve nonnegativity and integration to one under vector space operations, we formulate the model for densities in a Bayes Hilbert space, which allows to not only consider continuous densities but also, for example, discrete or mixed densities. Mixed ones occur in our application...
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作者：Yan, Lei; Zhang, Xin; Lan, Zhou; Bandyopadhyay, Dipankar; Wu, Yichao
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Virginia Commonwealth University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：Modern applications in medical imaging often include high-dimensional predictors and spatially dependent responses in the non-Euclidean space. For example, in imaging-genetics studies, our objective is to study the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a high-dimensional predictor vector, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) responses, which are thousands to millions of voxelwise 3 x 3 symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices. In this paper we develop a fast and pragmati...
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作者：Angelopoulos, Anastasios N.; Bates, Stephen; Candes, Emmanuel J.; Jordan, Michael, I; Lei, Lihua
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：We introduce a framework for calibrating machine learning models to satisfy finite-sample statistical guarantees. Our calibration algorithms work with any model and (unknown) data-generating distribution and do not require retraining. The algorithms address, among other examples, false discovery rate control in multilabel classification, intersection-over-union control in instance segmentation, and simultaneous control of the type-1 outlier error and confidence set coverage in classification o...
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作者：Zhang, Dongxue; Feng, Long; Wu, Yujia; Lan, Wei; Zhou, Jing
作者单位：Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; Nankai University; Nankai University; Renmin University of China; Renmin University of China
摘要：Ever since its outbreak, COVID-19 has been rapidly spreading around the world and has become a significant threat to public health. Past experience has shown that, because of the incubation period, the contemporaneous population flow does not affect the contemporaneous number of cases, but the time-lagged population flow can affect case numbers. Moreover, the population flow networks of different lags can exhibit varying influences on the transmission of COVID-19. However, most existing studie...
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作者：Douwes-Schultz, Dirk; Schmidt, Alexandra m.; Shen, Yannan; Buckeridge, David l.
作者单位：McGill University
摘要：Recurrent COVID-19 outbreaks have placed immense strain on the hospital system in Quebec. We develop a Bayesian three-state coupled Markov admissions in the 30 largest hospitals. Within each catchment area, we assume the existence of three states for the disease: absence, a new state meant to account for many zeroes in some of the smaller areas; endemic and outbreak. Then we assume the disease switches between the three states in each area through a series of coupled nonhomogeneous hidden Mark...
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作者：Wang, Ye; Samii, Cyrus; Chang, Haoge; Aronow, P. M.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; New York University; Columbia University; Yale University
摘要：We consider design-based causal inference for spatial experiments in which treatments may have effects that bleed out and feed back in complex ways. Such spatial spillover effects violate the no interference assumption for standard causal inference methods. The complexity of spatial spillover effects also raises the risk of misspecification and bias in model-based analyses. We offer an approach for robust inference in such settings without having to specify a parametric outcome model. We defin...
