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作者：Kettl, Donald F.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Brookings Institution
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作者：Bach, Tobias; Ruffing, Eva; Yesilkagit, Kutsal
作者单位：Hertie School; Leibniz University Hannover; Utrecht University
摘要：This article examines the influence of Europeanization on the relationship between ministries and agencies at the national level. The core argument is that the differentiated nature of the international environment (with policy development often transferred to the international level and policy implementation left at the national level) transforms national agencies into policy-developing actors that shape policies without being directly influenced by their national political principals. The in...
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作者：Lee, Melissa M.; Walter-Drop, Gregor
作者单位：Stanford University; Free University of Berlin
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作者：Lam, Wai Fung; Chan, Kwan Nok
作者单位：University of Hong Kong; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：The punctuated equilibrium theory contends that government attention allocation is universally leptokurtic in that long periods of stability are punctuated by bursts of rapid and radical change; the empirical evidence in support of this claim is however exclusively drawn from democratic systems. The absence of electoral politics and institutional decentralization in authoritarian regimes could presumably affect institutional friction; whether and how this might pose as a qualification to the t...
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作者：Gofen, Anat; Needham, Catherine
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Birmingham
摘要：Governmental reaction to citizens' noncompliance with policy is often portrayed as a retrospective enforcement effort, in which incentives and information serve as the main mechanisms to change citizens' noncompliant behavior. This study suggests that government may adapt existing policy arrangements to encourage compliance rather than enforce implementation. Such responses recognize that noncompliance is an ongoing decision-making process rather than a single event, with scope for government ...
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作者：Santiso, Carlos
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank
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作者：Clifton, Judith
作者单位：Cornell University
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作者：Olsen, Johan P.
作者单位：University of Oslo
摘要：Accountability is a principle for organizing relations between rulers and ruled, and making public officials accountable is a democratic achievement. There are, however, competing claims about what is involved in demanding, rendering, assessing, and responding to accounts; what are effective accountability institutions; and how accountability regimes emerge and change. This article provides a frame for thinking about institutional aspects of accountability regimes and their cognitive, normativ...
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作者：Hoxha, Julinda
作者单位：Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
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作者：Ban, Cornel
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：Since 2008, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has become more open to the use of discretionary fiscal stimulus packages to deal with recessions, while changing its doctrine on the timing and content of fiscal consolidation. The article traces this evolution of the Fund's doctrine to staff politics, more diverse thinking in mainstream economics, and a careful framing of the message through the use of mainstream macroeconomic models. To map the changing contours of institutional views on fis...
