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作者：Little, John D. C.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Fifty years ago, the author published a paper in Operations Research with the title, A proof for the queuing formula: L = lambda W [Little, J. D. C. 1961. A proof for the queuing formula: L = lambda W. Oper. Res. 9(3) 383-387]. Over the years, L = lambda W has become widely known as Little's Law. Basically, it is a theorem in queuing theory. It has become well known because of its theoretical and practical importance. We report key developments in both areas with the emphasis on practice. In t...
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作者：Simchi-Levi, David; Trick, Michael A.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Carnegie Mellon University
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作者：Elwany, Alaa H.; Gebraeel, Nagi Z.; Maillart, Lisa M.
作者单位：Eindhoven University of Technology; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Failure of many engineering systems usually results from a gradual and irreversible accumulation of damage, a degradation process. Most degradation processes can be monitored using sensor technology. The resulting degradation signals are usually correlated with the degradation process. A system is considered to have failed once its degradation signal reaches a prespecified failure threshold. This paper considers a replacement problem for components whose degradation process can be monitored us...
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作者：Pei, Pamela Pen-Erh; Simchi-Levi, David; Tunca, Tunay I.
作者单位：United Biosource Corporation; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Stanford University
摘要：We analyze the structure and pricing of option contracts for an industrial good in the presence of spot trading. We combine the analysis of spot trading and buyers' disparate private valuations for different suppliers' products, and we jointly endogenize the determination of three major dimensions in contract design: (i) sales contracts versus options contracts, (ii) flat-price versus volume-dependent contracts, and (iii) volume discounts versus volume premia. We build a model in which a suppl...
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作者：Verloop, I. M.; Ayesta, U.; Nunez-Queija, R.
作者单位：Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM); Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI); Basque Foundation for Science; University of Amsterdam
摘要：We analyze a generalization of the discriminatory processor-sharing (DPS) queue in a heavy-traffic setting. Customers present in the system are served simultaneously at rates controlled by a vector of weights. We assume that customers have phase-type distributed service requirements and allow that customers have different weights in various phases of their service. In our main result we establish a state-space collapse for the queue-length vector in heavy traffic. The result shows that in the ...
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作者：Abbas, Ali E.; Bell, David E.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Harvard University
摘要：Assessment of multiattribute utility functions is significantly simplified if it is possible to decompose the function into more manageable pieces. Utility independence is a powerful property that serves well for this purpose, but if it is not appropriate in a given situation, what options does the analyst have? We review some possibilities and propose a new independence assumption based on the one-switch property. We argue that it is a natural generalization of utility independence and show h...
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作者：Lai, Guoming; Wang, Mulan X.; Kekre, Sunder; Scheller-Wolf, Alan; Secomandi, Nicola
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：The valuation of the real option to store liquefied natural gas (LNG) at the downstream terminal of an LNG value chain is an important problem in practice. Because the exact valuation of this real option is computationally intractable, we develop a novel and tractable heuristic model for its strategic valuation that integrates models of LNG shipping, natural gas price evolution, and inventory control and sale into the wholesale natural gas market. We incorporate real and estimated data to quan...
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作者：Tomala, Tristan
作者单位：Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris
摘要：We consider a group of players who perform tasks repeatedly. The players are nodes of a communication network and observe their neighbors' actions. Players have partial knowledge of the network and only know their set of neighbors. We study the existence of protocols for fault reporting: whenever a player chooses a faulty action, the communication protocol starts and the output publicly reveals the identity of the faulty player. We consider two setups. In the first one, players do not share au...
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作者：Biller, Bahar; Corlu, Canan G.
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent University
摘要：This paper considers large-scale stochastic simulations with correlated inputs having normal-to-anything (NORTA) distributions with arbitrary continuous marginal distributions. Examples of correlated inputs include processing times of workpieces across several workcenters in manufacturing facilities and product demands and exchange rates in global supply chains. Our goal is to obtain mean performance measures and confidence intervals for simulations with such correlated inputs by accounting fo...
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作者：Sherali, Hanif D.; Dalkiran, Evrim; Glickman, Theodore S.
作者单位：Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; George Washington University
摘要：In this paper we conduct a quantitative analysis for a strategic risk management problem that involves allocating certain available failure-mitigating and consequence-alleviating resources to reduce the failure probabilities of system safety components and subsequent losses, respectively, together with selecting optimal strategic decision alternatives, to minimize the risk or expected loss in the event of a hazardous occurrence. Using a novel decision tree optimization approach to represent th...
