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作者：Hegde, Deepak; Sampat, Bhaven
作者单位：New York University; Columbia University
摘要：Private interest groups lobby politicians to influence public policy. However, little is known about how lobbying influences the policy decisions made by federal agencies. We study this through examining lobbying by advocacy groups associated with rare diseases for funding by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the world's largest funder of biomedical research. Disease group lobbying for NIH funding has been controversial, with critics alleging that it distorts public funding toward resea...
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作者：Newton, David; Simutin, Mikhail
作者单位：Concordia University - Canada; University of Toronto
摘要：This paper shows that the gender and age of the wage setter are crucial determinants of the disparity in wages between sexes. We document our findings using a data set on compensation of corporate officers that is uniquely suited for this analysis because officer wages are set by chief executive officers (CEOs). We show that CEOs pay officers of the opposite gender less than officers of their own gender, even when controlling for job characteristics. Older and male CEOs exhibit the greatest pr...
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作者：Wei, Kelsey D.; Wermers, Russ; Yao, Tong
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Iowa
摘要：Motivated by extant theories of herding behavior, this paper empirically identifies contrarian mutual funds as those trading most frequently against the crowd. We find that contrarian funds generate superior performance both when they trade against and with the herd, indicating that they possess superior private information. Furthermore, contrarians do not trade in a particularly correlated fashion with each other, consistent with these funds having disparate information. Our fund-level contra...
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作者：Sutter, Matthias; Glaetzle-Ruetzler, Daniela
作者单位：University of Cologne; University of Innsbruck
摘要：Gender differences in the willingness to compete have been identified as one important factor in explaining gender differences in labor markets and within organizations. We present three experiments with a total of 1,570 subjects, ages three to 18 years, to investigate the origins of this gender gap. In a between-subjects design we find that boys are more likely to compete than girls as early as kindergarten and that this gap prevails throughout adolescence. Re-examining the behavior of 316 su...
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作者：Dorn, Anne Jones; Dorn, Daniel; Sengmueller, Paul
作者单位：Drexel University; Tilburg University
摘要：This paper offers evidence from three different samples consistent with investors substituting between playing the lottery and gambling in financial markets. In the United States, increases in the jackpots of the multistate lotteries Powerball and Mega Millions are associated with significant reductions in small trade participation in the stock market. California-based discount brokerage clients and German discount brokerage clients are significantly less likely to trade during weeks with larg...
