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作者：Peysakhovich, Alexander; Rand, David G.
作者单位：Harvard University; Yale University; Yale University
摘要：What explains variability in norms of cooperation across organizations and cultures? One answer comes from the tendency of individuals to internalize typically successful behaviors as norms. Different institutional structures can cause different behavioral norms to be internalized. These norms are then carried over into atypical situations beyond the reach of the institution. Here, we experimentally demonstrate such spillovers. First, we immerse subjects in environments that do or do not suppo...
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作者：Senot, Claire; Chandrasekaran, Aravind; Ward, Peter T.; Tucker, Anita L.; Moffatt-Bruce, Susan D.
作者单位：Tulane University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Brandeis University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：To investigate the opportunity for hospitals to achieve better care at lower cost, we examine two key process quality measures, conformance quality and experiential quality, and two measures of performance, readmission rate and cost per discharge. Conformance quality represents a hospital's level of adherence to evidence-based standards of care, whereas experiential quality represents the level of interaction between hospital's caregivers and patients. Analyzing six years of data from 3,474 U....
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作者：Montizaan, Raymond; de Grip, Andries; Corvers, Frank; Dohmen, Thomas
作者单位：Maastricht University; Tilburg University; University of Bonn
摘要：We document that the strength of negatively reciprocal inclinations affects workers' reaction to unfair treatment. We exploit unique matched survey and administrative data on male public sector employees in the Netherlands and compare the job motivation of employees born in 1950, who faced a substantial retrenchment of their pension rights resulting from a pension reform in 2006, to that of slightly older employees who remained entitled to more generous pension benefits. Job motivation is sign...
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作者：Harhoff, Dietmar; von Graevenitz, Georg; Wagner, Stefan
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; European School of Management & Technology
摘要：Postgrant validity challenges at patent offices rely on the private initiative of third parties to correct mistakes made by patent offices. We hypothesize that incentives to bring postgrant validity challenges are reduced when many firms benefit from revocation of a patent and when firms are caught up in patent thickets. Using data on opposition to patents at the European Patent Office we show that opposition decreases in fields in which many others profit from patent revocations. Moreover, in...
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作者：Ryzhov, Ilya O.; Han, Bin; Bradic, Jelena
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Nonprofit organizations use direct-mail marketing to cultivate one-time donors and convert them into recurring contributors. Cultivated donors generate much more revenue than new donors, but also lapse with time, making it important to steadily draw in new cultivations. The direct-mail budget is limited, but better-designed mailings can improve success rates without increasing costs. We propose an empirical model to analyze the effectiveness of several design approaches used in practice, based...
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作者：Zhou, Yangfang (Helen); Scheller-Wolf, Alan; Secomandi, Nicola; Smith, Stephen
作者单位：Singapore Management University; Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Electricity cannot yet be stored on a large scale, but technological advances leading to cheaper and more efficient industrial batteries make grid-level storage of electricity surpluses a natural choice. Because electricity prices can be negative, it is unclear how the presence of negative prices might affect the storage policy structure known to be optimal when prices are only nonnegative, or even how important it is to consider negative prices when managing an industrial battery. For fast st...
