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作者：CHUNG, CS; FLYNN, J
摘要：We study a discrete time, infinite-horizon, dynamic programming model for the replacement of components in a binary coherent system with n components. Costs are incurred when the system fails and when failed components are replaced. The objective is to minimize the expected discounted infinite-horizon cost or the long-run expected average undiscounted cost per period. An earlier paper found general conditions under which it is optimal to follow a critical component policy (CCP), i.e., a policy...
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作者：BIRGE, JR; MADDOX, MJ
作者单位：Ford Motor Company
摘要：A frequent goal in scheduling projects and production operations is determining the financial impact of project duration or production lead time. This paper considers net project value effects that increase proportionally to time in excess of a deadline. New bounds on the expected value of these tardiness costs are given. The bounds provide robust measurements without requiring extensive assumptions about activity distributions.
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作者：LOVEJOY, WS; WHANG, S
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：We consider a single-product firm in which arriving orders are processed by an information processing system before being downloaded to the production system. The design problem is to choose the appropriate processing and control technologies for the information (production) systems, the decision variables being the speed with which these systems can process orders (products). Rapid systems are assumed to be more costly to operate than slower systems, and it is assumed that products can be inv...
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作者：WHITE, DJ
摘要：This paper deals with the problem of finding an estimate of the maximal loss of optimality which can arise when terminal payoffs are uncertain and policies are restricted in some way. The original non-convex optimization problem is converted to a sequence of sub-problems involving the maximization of a bilinear function over a convex region. The paper deals solely with the theoretical issues.
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作者：BROWNE, S; KELLA, O
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：We study a system with unlimited service potential where all service requests are served in parallel. The entire system itself becomes unavailable for a random period of rime at the first instance that the system becomes idle. A queue builds up while the system is unavailable, and then all waiting customers enter the system simultaneously-each to its own processor-when the system becomes available again. All customers who arrive to find the system in operation proceed directly into service. Th...
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作者：DAVID, I; YECHIALI, U
作者单位：Tel Aviv University
摘要：We consider a sequential matching problem where M offers arrive in a random stream and are to be sequentially assigned to N waiting candidates. Each candidate, as well as each offer, is characterized by a random attribute drawn from a known discrete valued probability distribution function. An assignment of an offer to a candidate yields a (nominal) reward R > 0 if they match, and a smaller reward, r less than or equal to R if they do not. Future rewards are discounted at a rate 0 less than or...
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作者：ABATE, J; CHOUDHURY, GL; WHITT, W
作者单位：AT&T; Nokia Corporation; Nokia Bell Labs; AT&T; Nokia Corporation; Nokia Bell Labs
摘要：This paper focuses on simple exponential approximations for tail probabilities of the steady-state waiting time in infinite-capacity multiserver queues based on small-tail asymptotics. For the GI/GI/s model, we develop a heavy-traffic asymptotic expansion in powers of one minus the traffic intensity for the waiting-time asymptotic decay rate. We propose a two-term approximation for the asymptotic decay rate based on the first three moments of the interarrival-time and service-time distribution...
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作者：DAVID, I; MEHREZ, A
摘要：This note introduces a model where inventory is repeatedly wiped out due to exogenous failure processes. The difference between this model and perishable inventory models is pinpointed by two simple examples. Relevant applications are also mentioned.
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作者：SCHNIEDERJANS, MJ
摘要：This paper applies the concept of a life cycle to the subject of goal programming. The results suggest that journal article productivity in goal programming exhibits life cycle behavior, and that its life cycle is now in decline. The implications are a portent not only for goal programming research but also for other OR fields.
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作者：KAPLAN, EH
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：Needle exchange is an intervention for slowing HN transmission among drug injectors. Most studies of needle exchange rely on changes in self-reported risky behaviors among program participants. This paper reports two models based on objectively observed operational data, such as needle distribution rates, client visit dates, needle circulation times, and the fraction of returned needles testing HIV positive. Application of the models to data from the New Haven needle exchange suggests that HIV...
