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作者：Cachon, Gerard P.; Randall, Taylor; Schmidt, Glen M.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
摘要：The bullwhip effect is the phenomenon of increasing demand variability in the supply chain from downstream echelons (retail) to upstream echelons (manufacturing). The objective of this study is to document the strength of the bullwhip effect in industry-level U.S. data. In particular, we say an industry exhibits the bullwhip effect if the variance of the inflow of material to the industry (what macroeconomists often refer to as the variance of an industry's production) is greater than the vari...
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作者：Tucker, Anita L.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This paper investigates the conditions under which frontline employees take initiative to improve their work systems to prevent operational failures. Drawing on the system improvement and team learning literatures, we develop a framework of frontline system improvement and test it using survey data from 37 workgroups. We find that psychological safety-the belief that one can talk about errors without risk of punishment- and problem-solving efficacy-the belief that the organization will support...
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作者：DeHoratius, Nicole; Raman, Ananth
作者单位：University of Chicago; Harvard University
摘要：Store managers perform multiple tasks within a store, and the way in which they are evaluated and rewarded for these tasks affects their behavior. Using empirical data from multiple stores of a consumer electronics retailer, Tweeter Home Entertainment Group, we highlight the extent to which store manager incentive design impacts store manager behavior and, consequently, retail performance. More specifically, we describe the shift in store manager behavior resulting from a change in incentives,...
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作者：Xue, Mei; Hitt, Lorin M.; Harker, Patrick T.
作者单位：Boston College; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Innovations in technology and service design have increasingly enabled firms to incorporate self-service technology to augment or substitute for traditional employee-provided service channels. Although it is clear that self-service can reduce cost, less is known about how customers utilize self-service channels in a multichannel service delivery system and the resulting impact on firm performance. An important aspect of service operations is that customers are coproducers of the service. Thus,...
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作者：Menor, Larry J.; Kristal, M. Murat; Rosenzweig, Eve D.
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); University Western Ontario Hospital; York University - Canada; Emory University
摘要：Managers have long been challenged by an abundance of internal and external demands and uncertainties in their operating environments. Anecdotal evidence and a growing number of research studies have advocated process flexibility and product innovation as organization-level operating capabilities critical for responding to such demands and uncertainties, and have highlighted the need for more efficient and effective management of the firm's knowledge-based resources. Leveraging arguments from ...
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作者：Bardhan, Indranil R.; Krishnan, Vish V.; Lin, Shu
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; University of California System; University of California San Diego; California State University System; California State University Fresno
摘要：As firms focus on new product, process, and service innovations, improving the performance and productivity of projects that help deliver these innovations assumes greater importance. Information technology (IT) has been an enabler of manufacturing productivity improvement, but its effect on improving the productivity of innovation-intensive operational activities has been mixed. In this paper, we explore the pathways through which IT impacts project-level performance measured in terms of spee...
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作者：Ulku, Sezer; Toktay, L. Beril; Yucesan, Enver
作者单位：Georgetown University; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; INSEAD Business School
摘要：We consider a supply chain where a contract manufacturer (CM) serves a number of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Investment into productive resources is made before demand realization, hence the supply chain faces the risk of under- or overinvestment. The CM and OEMs differ in their forecast accuracy and in their resource pooling capabilities, leading to a disparity in their ability to minimize costs due to demand uncertainty. We consider two scenarios in which this risk is borne by t...
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作者：Bernstein, Fernando; Federgruen, Awi
作者单位：Duke University; Columbia University
摘要：In a decentralized supply chain, with long-term competition between independent retailers facing random demands and buying from a common supplier, how should wholesale and retail prices be specified in an attempt to maximize supply-chain-wide profits? We show what types of coordination mechanisms allow the decentralized supply chain to generate aggregate expected profits equal to the optimal profits in a centralized system, and how the parameters of these (perfect) coordination schemes can be ...
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作者：Cachon, Gerard P.; Kok, A. Gurhan
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Duke University
摘要：The newsvendor model is designed to decide how much of a product to order when the product is to be sold over a short selling season with stochastic demand and there are no additional opportunities to replenish inventory. There are many practical situations that reasonably conform to those assumptions, but the traditional newsvendor model also assumes a fixed salvage value: all inventory left over at the end of the season is sold off at a fixed per-unit price. The fixed salvage value assumptio...
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作者：Shabtay, Dvir; Steiner, George
作者单位：McMaster University
摘要：With the increased emphasis on the effective management of operational issues in supply chains, the timely delivery of products has become even more important. Companies have to quote attainable delivery dates and then meet these, or face large tardiness penalties. We study systems that can be modeled by single-machine scheduling problems with due date assignment and controllable job-processing times, which are either linear or convex functions of the amount of a continuously divisible and non...
