作者：SHALLEY, CE
摘要：Social and contextual factors have been theorized to significantly influence creative performance. This research examined effects of three factors on individual creativity and productivity: coaction, expected evaluation, and goal setting. Study 1 indicated that high levels of creativity occurred when individuals worked alone, and productivity was high when they worked alone under no expectation of evaluation. Study 2 found the highest creativity occurred when individuals had a creativity goal ...
作者：PETERSON, MF; SMITH, PB; AKANDE, A; AYESTARAN, S; BOCHNER, S; CALLAN, V; CHO, NG; JESUINO, JC; DAMORIM, M; FRANCOIS, PH; HOFMANN, K; KOOPMAN, PL; LEUNG, K; LIM, TK; MORTAZAVI, S; MUNENE, J; RADFORD, M; ROPO, A; SAVAGE, G; SETIADI, B; SINHA, TN; SORENSON, R; VIEDGE, C
作者单位：University of Sussex; University of the Western Cape; University of New South Wales Sydney; Instituto Universitario de Lisboa; University of Queensland; Universite de Poitiers; University of Mannheim; Hokkaido University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Tampere University; Makerere University; Texas Tech University System; Texas Tech University; University of Witwatersrand
摘要：The extent of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload reported by middle managers from 21 nations was related to national scores on power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity. We adapted earlier role stress scales and assessed equivalence using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Role stresses varied more by country than by personal and organizational characteristics. Data were aggregated to the national level. Power distance and collectivism were negat...
