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作者：Almas, Ingvild; Attanasio, Orazio; Jervis, Pamela
作者单位：Stockholm University; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Yale University; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Cambridge; Universidad de Chile; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Most empirical work in economics has considered only a narrow set of measures as meaningful and useful to characterize individual behavior, a restriction justified by the difficulties in collecting a wider set. However, this approach often forces the use of strong assumptions to estimate the parameters that inform individual behavior and identify causal links. In this paper, we argue that a more flexible and broader approach to measurement could be extremely useful and allow the estimation of ...
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作者：Kreindler, Gabriel
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Developing country megacities suffer from severe road traffic congestion, yet the level of congestion is not a direct measure of equilibrium inefficiency. I study the peak-hour traffic congestion equilibrium in Bangalore. To measure travel preferences, I use a model of departure time choice to design a field experiment with congestion pricing policies and implement it using precise GPS data. Commuter responses in the experiment reveal moderate schedule inflexibility and a high value of time. I...
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作者：Hoffmann, Bridget; Rud, Juan Pablo
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We use high-frequency data on fine particulate matter air pollution (PM 2.5) at the locality level to study the effects of high pollution on daily labor supply decisions in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. We document a negative, non-linear relationship between PM 2.5 and same-day labor supply, with strong effects on days with extremely high pollution levels. On these days, the average worker experiences a reduction of around 7.5% of working hours. Workers partially compensate for lost ho...
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作者：Bergeron, Augustin; Tourek, Gabriel; Weigel, Jonathan L.
作者单位：University of Southern California; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper investigates how tax rates and tax enforcement jointly impact fiscal capacity in low-income countries. We study a policy experiment in the D.R. Congo that randomly assigned 38,028 property owners to the status quo tax rate or to a rate reduction. This variation in tax liabilities reveals that the status quo rate lies above the revenue-maximizing tax rate (RMTR). Reducing rates by about one-third would maximize government revenue by increasing tax compliance. We then exploit two sour...
