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作者：Rees-Jones, Alex
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article presents evidence that loss aversion affects taxpayers as they file their annual tax returns, and presents a framework for estimating the policy impact of this psychological phenomenon. In my theoretical framework, taxpayers manipulate the money paid to the tax authority through avoidance and evasion activities. When taxpayers face the prospect of owing the tax authority money on tax day, loss aversion generates the perception of a greater marginal utility of tax reduction and the...
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作者：Dellavigna, Stefano; Pope, Devin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：How much do different monetary and non-monetary motivators induce costly effort? Does the effectiveness line up with the expectations of researchers and with results in the literature? We conduct a large-scale real-effort experiment with eighteen treatment arms. We examine the effect of (1) standard incentives; (2) behavioural factors like social preferences and reference dependence; and (3) non-monetary inducements from psychology. We find that (1) monetary incentives work largely as expected...
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作者：Masten, Matthew A.
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：This article considers a classical linear simultaneous equations model with random coefficients on the endogenous variables. Simultaneous equations models are used to study social interactions, strategic interactions between firms, and market equilibrium. Random coefficient models allow for heterogeneous marginal effects. I show that random coefficient seemingly unrelated regression models with common regressors are not point identified, which implies random coefficient simultaneous equations ...
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作者：Armstrong, Timothy B.; Kolesar, Michal
作者单位：Yale University; Princeton University
摘要：Kernel-based estimators such as local polynomial estimators in regression discontinuity designs are often evaluated at multiple bandwidths as a form of sensitivity analysis. However, if in the reported results, a researcher selects the bandwidth based on this analysis, the associated confidence intervals (CIs) may not have correct coverage, even if the estimator is unbiased. This article proposes a simple adjustment that gives correct coverage in such situations: replace the normal quantile wi...
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作者：Chan, Jimmy; Lizzeri, Alessandro; Suen, Wing; Yariv, Leeat
作者单位：Fudan University; New York University; University of Hong Kong; California Institute of Technology
摘要：We present a dynamic model of sequential information acquisition by a heterogeneous committee. At each date, agents decide whether to vote to adopt one of two alternatives or continue to collect more information. The process stops when a qualified majority vote for an alternative. Three main insights emerge from our analysis and are consistent with an array of stylized facts regarding committee decision making. First, majority rule is more vulnerable than super-majority rules to the disproport...
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作者：Zhu, John Y.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：I consider a dynamic principal-agent setting in which the agent repeatedly chooses between hidden long-term and short-term actions. Relative to the long-term action, the short-term action boosts output today but hurts output tomorrow. I explicitly characterize the optimal contract that always induces the long-term action. It features a cliff-like arrangement that rewards high output today based on the streak of consecutive high outputs the agent has generated leading up to today: The longer th...
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作者：De Chaisemartin, C.; D'Haultfoeuille, X.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：Difference-in-differences (DID) is a method to evaluate the effect of a treatment. In its basic version, a control group is untreated at two dates, whereas a treatment group becomes fully treated at the second date. However, in many applications of the DID method, the treatment rate only increases more in the treatment group. In such fuzzy designs, a popular estimator of the treatment effect is the DID of the outcome divided by the DID of the treatment. We show that this ratio identifies a loc...
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作者：Wolthoff, Ronald
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：I develop a directed search model to study the recruitment decisions of firms competing for workers who ex post differ in two dimensions: (1) their match productivity and (2) their probability of accepting a job offer, endogenously determined by their choice of application portfolio. To attract these workers, firms post a recruiting intensity and a hiring standard, in addition to terms of trade. Ahigher recruiting intensity is costly, but allows the firm to select more applicants for an interv...
