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作者：Feir, Donn L.; Gillezeau, Rob; Jones, Maggie E. C.
作者单位：University of Victoria; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Toronto; Emory University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In the late nineteenth century, the North American bison was brought to the brink of extinction in less than two decades. We demonstrate that the loss of the bison had immediate, negative consequences for the Native Americans who relied on them and ultimately resulted in a persistent reversal of fortunes. Once amongst the tallest people in the world, the generations of bison-reliant people born after the slaughter lost their entire height advantage. By the early twentieth century, child mortal...
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作者：Arellano, Cristina; Bai, Yan; Mihalache, Gabriel
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Rochester; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Emerging markets have experienced large human and economic costs from coronavirus disease 2019, and their tight fiscal space has limited the support extended to their citizens. We study the impact of an epidemic on economic and health outcomes by integrating epidemiological dynamics into a sovereign default model. The sovereign's option to default tightens fiscal space and results in an epidemic with limited mitigation and depressed consumption. A quantitative analysis of our model accounts we...
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作者：Cunat, Alejandro; Zymek, Robert
作者单位：University of Vienna; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; International Monetary Fund
摘要：If sectoral trade flows obey structural gravity, countries' bilateral trade imbalances are the result of macro trade imbalances, triangular trade, or pairwise asymmetric trade barriers. Using data for 40 major economies and the Rest of the World, we show that large and pervasive asymmetries in trade barriers are required to account for most of the observed variation in bilateral imbalances. A dynamic quantitative trade model suggests that eliminating these asymmetries would significantly reduc...
