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作者：Riach, PA; Rich, J
作者单位：Monash University
摘要：Controlled experiments, using matched pairs of bogus transactors, to test for discrimination in the marketplace have been conducted for over 30 years, and have extended across 10 countries. Significant, persistent and pervasive levels of discrimination have been found against non-whites and women in labour, housing and product markets. Rates of employment discrimination against non-whites, in excess of 25% have been measured in Australia, Europe and North America. A small number of experiments...
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作者：Peretto, P; Smulders, S
作者单位：Tilburg University
摘要：We present an endogenous growth model in which the scale effect may be positive or negative, but vanishes asymptotically. The mechanism behind this result provides a microfoundation for models that exploit the interaction of growth and market structure to remove the scale effect. When more firms are active, the economy is more specialised in that firms are less likely to work on related problems. This increase in technological distance reduces the spillovers between firms. A larger economy wit...
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作者：Carpenter, RE; Petersen, BC
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Highly variable returns, asymmetric information and a lack of collateral should cause small high-tech firms to have poor access to debt. New equity financing has several advantages over debt, but may be costly compared to internal finance. We examine an unbalanced panel of over 2,400 publicly traded US high-tech companies over the period 1981-98. Most small high-tech firms obtain little debt financing. New equity financing, in the form of the initial public offering, is very important and perm...
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作者：Kaser, MK
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Oxford
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作者：Angrist, J; Lavy, V
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：How technology affects learning has been at the centre of recent debates over educational inputs. In 1994, the Israeli State Lottery sponsored the installation of computers in many elementary and middle schools. This programme provides an opportunity to estimate the impact of computerisation on both the instructional rise of computers and pupil achievement. Results from a Survey of Israeli school-teachers show that the influx of new computers increased teachers' use of computer-aided instructi...
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作者：Barros, PP; Garoupa, N
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：This paper introduces spatial-location models into the economics of religion. We offer a new explanation for the observed tendency of state (monopoly) churches to locate toward the 'low-tension' end of the 'strictness continuum'; obtained through the conjunction of 'benevolent preferences' (denominations care about the aggregate utility of members) and asymmetric costs of going to a more or less strict church than one prefers. We derive implications regarding the relationship between religious...
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作者：Castello, A; Doménech, R
作者单位：Universitat Jaume I; University of Valencia
摘要：This paper provides new measures of human capital inequality for a broad Panel of countries. Taking attainment levels from Barro and Lee (2001), we compute Gini coefficients and the distribution of education by quintiles for 108 countries over five-year intervals from 1960 to 2000. Using this new cross-country data on human capital inequality two main conclusions are obtained. First, most countries in the world have tended to reduce the inequality in human capital distribution. Second, human c...
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作者：Schankerman, M
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We show how microeconomic data on investment plans can be used to study the structure of risk firms face. Revisions of investment plans form a martingale and reveal the underlying shocks driving investment. We decompose revisions in investment plans into micro, sector and aggregate shocks, and exploit stock market data to distinguish between structural (value-related) shocks and measurement error in investment revisions. Using panel data for US firms, we find that micro shocks are not the domi...
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作者：Marin, D; Schnitzer, M
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：Starting with the international debt crisis in the 1980s, international barter increased substantially. More recently, barter has emerged in Russia and South East Asia. This paper examines how barter can help highly indebted countries to finance imports if they cannot use standard credit arrangements. We argue that payment in goods is easier to enforce than payment in money. However, debtors may pay with inferior quality products. We rank goods with respect to these incentive properties and de...
