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作者：Evren, Ozgur; Minardi, Stefania
作者单位：New Economic School; Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris
摘要：Warm-glow refers to prosocial behaviour that causes the actor to experience positive feelings, apart from its social implications. We study an individual who enjoys taking a prosocial action that incurs a private cost because such actions improve his social image. A private cost obtains only in the presence of a more selfish option, implying a preference for freedom to behave selfishly. We provide behavioural foundations for this model by building upon the experimental findings on motivation c...
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作者：Dagher, Jihad; Fu, Ning
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Harvard University
摘要：The weakly regulated independent mortgage companies (IMCs) had a vastly disproportional contribution to the expansion in risky credit during the mortgage boom and to the ensuing foreclosure crisis. We exploit a quasi-experimental setting, created by the inconsistency of state lender regulations between banks and IMCs and their heterogeneity across states, to isolate the impact of regulation on lending standards using county-pairs straddling state borders. We find that weaker state regulation o...
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作者：de Meza, David; Webb, David C.
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：The widely applied 'positive correlation test' concludes that there is symmetric information in an insurance market if observationally identical buyers of high and low cover contracts have the same loss rate. As standard assumptions imply that only full-cover contracts are bought when information is symmetric, a contradiction arises. The existence of a variety of contracts can be reconciled with symmetric information by claim-processing costs but existing tests are then shown to fail. Ignoring...
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作者：Duh, Josephine; Spears, Dean
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; The Brattle Group
摘要：India's experience presents a puzzle at odds with a basic fact of household economics: amidst unprecedented economic growth, average per capita daily calorie consumption has declined in recent decades. Does an improving disease environment explain the calorie decline? A diminished burden of infectious disease could lower energy needs by increasing absorption and effective use of calories. We document a robust effect of disease exposure-measured as infant mortality and as poor sanitation-on cal...
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作者：Damsgaard, Erika Farnstrand; Hjertstrand, Per; Norback, Pehr-Johan; Persson, Lars; Vasconcelos, Helder
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universidade do Porto; Universidade do Porto
摘要：This article examines how entrepreneurs and incumbents differ in their R&D strategies. We show that entrepreneurs have incentives to choose projects with a higher risk and a higher potential in order to reduce expected entry costs. If products are not too differentiated, entrepreneurs will select projects that are too safe from a social point of view, since they do not internalise the business stealing effect on incumbents. Entry support induces entrepreneurs to choose safer projects, whereas ...
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作者：Bhuller, Manudeep; Brinch, Christian N.; Konigs, Sebastian
作者单位：BI Norwegian Business School; University of Chicago; Statistics Norway; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：This article tests the validity of the conditional Markov assumption in a dynamic discrete-choice model of welfare benefit receipt dynamics, using Norwegian administrative data. Exploiting its implied time aggregation properties, we find that the model is seriously mis-specified. Estimated state dependence varies strongly with the time unit of analysis, with the average treatment effect of past benefit receipt increasing with the level of aggregation. When permitting richer types of benefit dy...
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作者：Santos, Carlos Daniel
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：International trade can create conditions for technological innovation and productivity growth. The mechanism linking trade and innovation is simple. By increasing access to foreign markets, trade allows the best firms to exploit the economies of scale in R&D. The potential to steal market share increases as product differentiation decreases. To measure the empirical importance of this mechanism, I set up and estimate a dynamic equilibrium model with endogenous size and productivity decisions....
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作者：Aldashev, Gani; Kirchsteiger, Georg; Sebald, Alexander
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite; University of Namur; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Randomised controlled trials (RCT) have gained ground as the dominant tool for studying policy interventions in many fields of applied economics. We analyse theoretically encouragement and resentful demoralisation in RCTs and show that these might be rooted in the same behavioural trait - people's propensity to act reciprocally. When people are motivated by reciprocity, the choice of assignment procedure influences the RCTs' findings. We show that even credible and explicit randomisation proce...
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作者：Santos, Rita; Gravelle, Hugh; Propper, Carol
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of Bristol; Imperial College London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Reforms giving users of public services choice of provider aim to improve quality. But such reforms will work only if quality affects choice of provider. We test this crucial prerequisite in the English health care market by examining the choice of 3.4million individuals of family doctor. Family doctor practices provide primary care and control access to non-emergency hospital care, the quality of their clinical care is measured and published and care is free. In this setting, clinical quality...
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作者：Boberg-Fazlic, Nina; Sharp, Paul
作者单位：University of Duisburg Essen; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：This study examines the relationship between government spending and charitable activity. We present a novel way of testing the 'crowding out hypothesis', making use of the fact that welfare provision under the Old Poor Laws was decided at the parish level, thus giving heterogeneity within a single country. Using data on poor relief spending combined with data on charitable incomes by county before and after 1800, we find a positive relationship: areas with more public provision also enjoyed h...
