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作者：Glewwe, P; Kremer, M; Moulin, S; Zitzewitz, E
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank; Stanford University
摘要：This paper compares retrospective and prospective analyses of the effect of flip charts on test scores in rural Kenyan schools. Retrospective estimates suggest that flip charts raise test scores by up to 20% of a standard deviation. Yet prospective estimators based on a randomized trial provide no evidence that flip charts increase test scores. One interpretation is that the retrospective results suffered from omitted variable bias. If the direction of this bias were similar in other retrospec...
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作者：Thomas, D; Beegle, K; Frankenberg, E; Sikoki, B; Strauss, J; Teruel, G
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Michigan State University
摘要：The year 1998 saw the onset of a major economic and financial crisis in Indonesia. GDP fell by 12% that year. The effect on education of the next generation is examined. On average, household spending on education declined, most dramatically among the poorest households. Spending reductions were particularly marked in poor households with more young children, while there was a tendency to protect education spending in poor households with more older children. The evidence on school enrollments...
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作者：Munshi, K
作者单位：Brown University
摘要：Information flows are weaker in a heterogeneous population when the performance of a new technology is sensitive to unobserved individual characteristics, preventing individuals from learning from neighbors' experiences. This characterization of social learning is tested with wheat and rice data from the Indian Green Revolution. The rice-growing regions display greater heterogeneity in growing conditions and the new rice varieties were also sensitive to unobserved farm characteristics. Wheat g...
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作者：Soares, RR
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：This paper analyzes the determinants of the heterogeneity in crime rates across countries, focusing on reporting rates and development. The behavior of the reporting rate is studied by comparing data from victimization surveys to official records. Reporting rates are strongly correlated with development: richer countries report a higher fraction of crimes. The positive relation between development and crime found in previous studies is shown to result from this correlation. Once the presence o...
