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作者：Duclos, JY; Makdissi, P; Wodon, Q
作者单位：University of Sherbrooke; University of Sherbrooke; Laval University; The World Bank
摘要：We propose simple graphical methods to identify poverty-reducing marginal reforms of transfer programs. The methods are based on Program Dominance curves that display cumulative program benefits weighted by powers of poverty gaps. These curves can be decomposed simply as sums of targeting dominance curves and allocation dominance ones, and can serve to verify whether the assessment of marginal: program reforms is sensitive to the choice of poverty lines and poverty measures as well as to diffe...
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作者：Meenakshi, JV; Banerji, A
作者单位：Delhi School of Economics
摘要：This paper uses auction theory, incorporating buyer asymmetry, to analyse the structure of a small market for parmal paddy in North India and to assess the implications of alternative government policies. Our results suggest that two buyers collude in this market; we are able to quantify the extent to which prices are depressed as a consequence. Such collusion probably characterizes many small grain markets in India. Government intervention in grain markets in India is pervasive, and has in re...
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作者：Aguiar, M
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston
摘要：This paper studies firm-level investment in the wake of the Mexican peso crisis of 1994. While exporters outperform nonexporters in terms of profits and sales after the devaluation, their investment is constrained by weak balance sheets. Specifically, we find that firms with heavy exposure to short-term foreign currency debt before the devaluation experienced relatively low levels of post-devaluation investment. The data also imply that increased sales uncertainty after the peg's collapse dete...
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作者：García-Peñalosa, C; Turnovsky, SJ
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We develop a stochastic endogenous growth model to examine the relationship between the volatility of growth and the factor distribution of income. Our framework incorporates two important features of developing economies: the co-existence of a modern and a traditional sector and the fact that the income generated in the traditional sector can escape taxation. The relationship between volatility and factor distribution is complex, depending upon the source of risk and the elasticity of substit...
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作者：Trindade, V
作者单位：Syracuse University
摘要：This paper analyzes the late industrializations of South Korea and Taiwan, and how they can be produced by an export promotion policy. The paper adopts an open economy version of the well-known big push model. Thus, it recovers neoclassical accounts of industrialization through exports, complementing previous literature, which tends to show the existence of the big push, but is scarce on trade mechanisms to produce it. The model fits well with some stylized facts of the industrializations in E...
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作者：Corrigan, P; Glomm, G; Mendez, F
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Michigan State University; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville
摘要：We investigate an OLG economy where an AIDS epidemic influences human capital accumulation and growth through the creation of large numbers of orphans. We study how intra-family allocations regarding school and work time of children are adjusted in the face of AIDS within a family, and how, in turn, these adjustments influence accumulation of physical and human capital. We compute the aggregate effects of an AIDS epidemic on human and physical capital accumulation and growth. We find that grow...
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作者：Emran, MS
作者单位：George Washington University; George Washington University; Columbia University
摘要：The loss of revenue from a reduction in export taxes has been a concern for trade policy reform in many developing countries. We discuss a strategy for selective reform of taxes on exports that enhances welfare and increases revenue. The strategy involves a reduction in the export tax on a given commodity with an offsetting increase in production tax to keep the producer price unchanged. This strategy is especially promising for exportables with a net subsidy on domestic consumption due to hig...
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作者：Janmaat, J
作者单位：Acadia University
摘要：Salt and water transport external costs of irrigation are borne disproportionately by lower elevation farmers. The relationship between fields for an optimal Pigouvian tax plan varies considerably as the amount of available water changes, demonstrating that a simple rule cannot be relied upon. A numerical example demonstrates the optimal application pattern and Pigouvian tax plan in contrast to the sequential Nash equilibrium. Shadow values for water are used to argue that between distributari...
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作者：Cysne, RP; Maldonado, WL; Monteiro, PK
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Universidade Catolica de Brasilia
摘要：Our work is based on a heterogenous agent shopping-time economy in which economic agents present distinct productivities in the production of the consumption good, and differentiated access to transacting assets. The purpose of the analysis is to investigate whether this setting can lead to a positive correlation between inflation and income inequality. Our main result is to show that, provided the productivity of the interest-bearing asset in the transacting technology is high enough, it is t...
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作者：Das, J; Hammer, J
摘要：We develop a method in which vignettes-a battery of questions for hypothetical cases-are evaluated with item response theory to measure the clinical competence of doctors. The method, which allows us to simultaneously estimate competence and validate the test instrument, is applied to a sample of medical practitioners in Delhi, India. The method gives plausible results, rationalizes different perceptions of competence in the public and private sectors and pinpoints several serious problems wit...
