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作者：Lichtenberg, Erik
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Bulte and van Soest [Bulte, E., van Soest, D. 1999. A note on soil depth, failing markets and agricultural pricing. Journal of Development Economics 58, 245-254.] argue that higher agricultural output prices result in greater soil conservation when labor markets function well but have ambiguous effects when labor markets are absent. The latter result is not attributable to labor market failure but rather occurs whenever labor supply is less than perfectly elastic. Consistent with the more gene...
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作者：Beegle, Kathleen; Dehejia, Rajeev H.; Gatti, Roberta
作者单位：Columbia University; The World Bank; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines the relationship between household income shocks and child labor. In particular, we investigate the extent to which transitory income shocks lead to increases in child labor and whether household asset holdings mitigate the effects of these shocks. Using data from a household panel survey in Tanzania, we find that both relationships are significant. We investigate mechanisms that could account for these results, including buffer stocks and borrowing. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. ...
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作者：Hutchison, MM; Noy, I
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa
摘要：Sudden stops are the simultaneous occurrence of a currency/balance of payments crisis with a reversal in capital flows. We investigate whether sudden-stop crises are a unique phenomenon and whether they entail an especially large and abrupt pattern of output collapse (a Mexican wave). Using a panel data set over 1975-1997 and covering 24 emerging-market economies, we distinguish between the output effects of currency crises, capital inflow reversals, and sudden-stop crises. Sudden-stop crises ...
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作者：Neumark, David; Cunningham, Wendy; Siga, Lucas
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank
摘要：The Brazilian economy has long relied on the minimum wage, having first implemented a minimum in 1940. Shortly after taking office in 2003, Brazil's President raised the minimum wage by 20% and promised to double the value of the minimum wage before his term ends in 2006. The usual rationale for minimum wage increases is to bring about beneficial changes in the income distribution, by raising incomes of poor and low-income families. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of the min...
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作者：Schweinberger, Albert G.; Lahiri, Sajal
作者单位：Southern Illinois University System; Southern Illinois University; University of Konstanz
摘要：The provision of official relative to private foreign aid varies considerably between donor countries. We explain the variations in terms of country size, household composition, income distribution, and the government's ability to commit to aid, and derive inter alia the results: (1) official aid crowds out private aid, (2) total aid and official aid collected from each household are lower in more populous countries, (3) total aid is lower if (i) the distribution of income favors the more altr...
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作者：Kazianga, H
摘要：Resource transfers among households have received considerable interest among economists in recent years. Two of the main reasons for the surge of interest in household transfers are the information on human nature conveyed by transfer behavior and the implication on income redistribution policy that private transfer might have. Empirical studies, however, provide mixed results on transfer behavior. This is because previous inquiries were confronted with several estimation issues and have focu...
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作者：Kijima, Yoko
摘要：Since the start of the economic reform in 1991, there have been serious concerns regarding the increasing income inequality in India. However, no studies have analyzed how and why the inequality has been accelerated. This study aims to fill these knowledge gaps. The main findings are: (1) The wage inequality in urban India started increasing before 1991; (2) The increase in the wage inequality was mainly attributable to increases in the returns to skills; (3) The accelerating skill premium was...
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作者：Kellard, N; Wohar, ME
作者单位：University of Nebraska System; University of Essex
摘要：This paper applies new time series procedures to examine the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis of a secular deterioration in relative primary commodity prices. Specifically, we allow for (up to) two structural breaks in 24 price series, covering the 1900-98 period. For the majority of commodities, it is shown that the trend is not well represented by a single downward slope, but instead by a shifting trend that often changes sign over the sample period. Unlike some recent work that has also allowed f...
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作者：Giles, John
作者单位：Michigan State University
摘要：This paper uses a unique panel of data from rural China to analyze the impact of expanding connections to off-farm labor markets on the income and consumption of farm households. With stronger village ties to both migrant and local off-farm labor markets, households in previously autarkic village communities experience reduced exposure to shocks affecting agricultural production. The analyses presented in this paper control for the persistent effect of past shocks influencing income and consum...
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作者：Tamura, R
作者单位：Clemson University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：This paper develops a general equilibrium model of fertility and human capital investment with young adult mortality. Because young adult mortality is negatively related to average young adult human capital, human capital accumulation lowers mortality, inducing demographic transition and industrial revolution. Data confirm that young adult mortality is related negatively to schooling, and the rate of return to schooling, and positively to fertility. The data indicate a negative relationship be...
