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作者：Beegle, Kathleen; Dehejia, Rajeev H.; Gatti, Roberta
作者单位：Columbia University; The World Bank; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines the relationship between household income shocks and child labor. In particular, we investigate the extent to which transitory income shocks lead to increases in child labor and whether household asset holdings mitigate the effects of these shocks. Using data from a household panel survey in Tanzania, we find that both relationships are significant. We investigate mechanisms that could account for these results, including buffer stocks and borrowing. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. ...
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作者：Dias, Joilson; McDermott, John
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：Entrepreneurs are instrumental for structural transformation. They create and organize new firms and hire workers with a minimum level of human capital. Entrepreneurs encourage workers to invest in their own education in order to move into the modem production sector. Better institutions lead to less income diversion, which creates a greater supply of entrepreneurs, a larger demand for human capital, and faster structural transformation. Education policy alone is not as effective, although it,...
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作者：Ilias, Nauman
作者单位：The Brattle Group
摘要：The family firm is generally viewed as an organizational solution to agency costs in the labor market for managers and institutional underdevelopment. Consistent with this view, this paper links the preponderance of family firms in the surgical instrument industry of Sialkot to the prevailing agency and institutional problems. However, strong dependence on family management coupled with restrictions on family size constrains the firms from optimally choosing management size. The resulting labo...
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作者：Hutchison, MM; Noy, I
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa
摘要：Sudden stops are the simultaneous occurrence of a currency/balance of payments crisis with a reversal in capital flows. We investigate whether sudden-stop crises are a unique phenomenon and whether they entail an especially large and abrupt pattern of output collapse (a Mexican wave). Using a panel data set over 1975-1997 and covering 24 emerging-market economies, we distinguish between the output effects of currency crises, capital inflow reversals, and sudden-stop crises. Sudden-stop crises ...
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作者：Jerzmanowski, Michal
作者单位：Clemson University
摘要：Most economic growth research has been aimed at explaining cross-country differences in average growth rates. However, it is well known that growth experiences differ over time within a country almost as much as they differ among countries. This paper builds on Pritchett's (2000) [Pritchett, Lant, Understanding patterns of economic growth: searching for hills among plateaus, mountains, and plains, World Bank Economic Review, May 2000, 14 (2), 221-250.] observation that the growth process can b...
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作者：Su, Xuejuan
作者单位：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
摘要：This paper studies the endogenous determination of public budget allocation across hierarchical education stages. In less developed economies, the top class has dominant political power to implement its most preferred policy, which is characterized by exclusive participation and large schooling expenditure at higher education at the expense of basic education. In developed economies, the budget allocation is more balanced; under certain parameters, it leads to expanded participation of the mid...
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作者：Neumark, David; Cunningham, Wendy; Siga, Lucas
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank
摘要：The Brazilian economy has long relied on the minimum wage, having first implemented a minimum in 1940. Shortly after taking office in 2003, Brazil's President raised the minimum wage by 20% and promised to double the value of the minimum wage before his term ends in 2006. The usual rationale for minimum wage increases is to bring about beneficial changes in the income distribution, by raising incomes of poor and low-income families. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of the min...
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作者：Schweinberger, Albert G.; Lahiri, Sajal
作者单位：Southern Illinois University System; Southern Illinois University; University of Konstanz
摘要：The provision of official relative to private foreign aid varies considerably between donor countries. We explain the variations in terms of country size, household composition, income distribution, and the government's ability to commit to aid, and derive inter alia the results: (1) official aid crowds out private aid, (2) total aid and official aid collected from each household are lower in more populous countries, (3) total aid is lower if (i) the distribution of income favors the more altr...
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作者：Kazianga, H
摘要：Resource transfers among households have received considerable interest among economists in recent years. Two of the main reasons for the surge of interest in household transfers are the information on human nature conveyed by transfer behavior and the implication on income redistribution policy that private transfer might have. Empirical studies, however, provide mixed results on transfer behavior. This is because previous inquiries were confronted with several estimation issues and have focu...
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作者：Ram, Rati
作者单位：Illinois State University
摘要：Using data for 163 countries, state of the life span revolution over the period 1980-2000 is studied in terms of measures of cross-country inequality and through least-squares and quantile-regression estimation of simple convergence models. Four main points are noted. First, dynamics of the cross-country distribution of life expectancy during these 20 years seem markedly different from those for the preceding decades: instead of the sharp convergence noted until the 1980s, there is lack of con...
