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作者：Mizala, Alejandra; Romaguera, Pilar; Urquiola, Miguel
作者单位：Columbia University; Universidad de Chile
摘要：This paper calculates a time series of simple, standard measures of schools' relative performance. These are drawn from a 1997-2004 panel of Chilean schools, using individual-level information on test scores and student characteristics for each year. The results suggest there is a stark tradeoff in the extent to which rankings generated using these measures: i) can be shown to be very similar to rankings based purely on students' socioeconomic status, and ii) are very volatile from year to yea...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Somanathan, Rohini
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Delhi School of Economics
摘要：We are interested in how public goods get allocated by a centralized state. We use data on public goods and social structure from parliamentary constituencies in rural India to understand the allocation of these goods over the 1970s and 1980s. National policies and political agendas during this period emphasized universal access to basic amenities and financed a rapid expansion in rural infrastructure. We find evidence of considerable equalization in many of these facilities, reflecting perhap...
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作者：Easterly, William
作者单位：New York University
摘要：Consistent with the provocative hypothesis of Engerman and Sokoloff [Engermann, Stanley and Kenneth Sokoloff (1997), Factor Endowments, Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth Among New World Economies: A View from Economic Historians of the United States, in Stephen Haber, ed. How Latin America Fell Behind, Stanford CA: Stanford University Press., Sokoloff, Kenneth L. and Stanley L. Engerman (2000), Institutions, Factor Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World, Journal of ...
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作者：Zwane, Alix Peterson
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper examines the relationship between income and land clearing for households living in tropical forest regions. A simple model of the agricultural household that clears land for agriculture is developed to investigate the relationship between lagged income and cleared land holdings. Analysis of panel data from Peru suggests that lagged income is positively correlated with clearing, though at a decreasing rate, and, because of labor market constraints, clearing is positively correlated ...
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作者：Bibi, Sami; Duclos, Jean-Yves
作者单位：Universite de Tunis-El-Manar; Laval University
摘要：We propose a general approach that jointly integrates horizontal and vertical equity criteria in the assessment of poverty alleviation programs, with the strength of each criterion being captured through its own inequity-aversion parameter. This contrasts with the assessment of poverty alleviation programs done with simple under-coverage and leakage ratios or with other methods that do not take into account the heterogeneity of the poor and that do not address directly the social benefits of a...
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作者：Li, Hongbin; Zhang, Jie; Zhang, Junsen
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Chinese University of Hong Kong; University of Queensland; Tsinghua University
摘要：While earlier empirical studies found a negative saving effect of old-age dependency rates without considering longevity, recent studies have found that longevity has a positive effect on growth without considering old-age dependency rates. In this paper, we first justify the related yet independent roles of longevity and old-age dependency rates in determining saving and growth by using a growth model that encompasses both neoclassical and endogenous growth models as special cases. Using pane...
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作者：Barrett, Christopher B.; Foster, Andrew D.
作者单位：Cornell University; Brown University
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作者：Glass, Amy Jocelyn; Wu, Xiaodong
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：This paper explores why theories about the effects of intellectual property rights (IPR) protection on foreign direct investment (FDI) and innovation have reached mixed conclusions. In our model, Northern firms innovate to improve the quality of existing products and may later shift production to the South through FDI. Southern firms may then imitate the products of multinationals. We find that imitation can increase FDI and innovation for quality improvements, whereas the opposite occurs when...
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作者：Olsson, Ola
作者单位：University of Gothenburg
摘要：'Conflict diamonds' refer to the fatal role that diamonds are believed to have played in several African conflicts. The article analyzes the impact of diamond rents on economic growth in light of the broader, previously discovered empirical finding of a 'curse of natural resources.' By extending the theory of appropriative conflict, a predator-prey game is outlined in which a rebel chooses between peaceful production and predation on natural resources controlled by the ruler. It is shown that ...
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作者：Fafchamps, Marcel; Gubert, Flore
作者单位：University of Oxford; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD)
摘要：This paper examines the formation of risk sharing networks in the rural Philippines. We find that geographic proximity-possibly correlated with kinship-is a major determinant of mutual insurance links among villagers. Age and wealth differences also play an important role. In contrast, income correlation and differences in occupation are not determinants of network links. Reported network links have a strong effect on subsequent gifts and loans. Gifts between network partners are found to resp...
