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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Fadlon, Itzhak; Weiss, Yoram
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; Harvard University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：In this paper we present a model that explains migrations as decisions that respond to where human capital can be acquired more efficiently, and where the return to human capital is highest. The basic framework is a dynamic Roy model in which a worker possesses two distinct skills that can be augmented by learning by doing. There are different implicit prices, in different countries and different rates of skill accumulation. Our analysis contributes to the literature on the selection of immigr...
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作者：Aidt, Toke S.; Albornoz, Facundo
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge
摘要：We present a theory of endogenous political regimes that emphasizes foreign direct investment as a motive for foreign governments to either induce regime transitions or promote regime consolidations. We characterize different forms of foreign intervention and identify the conditions under which they occur. We highlight new channels through which economic factors affect political regime choices. Foreign intervention is most likely to originate from countries where the government has a substanti...
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作者：Andres Guzman, Ricardo; Weisdorf, Jacob
作者单位：Universidad del Desarrollo; Universidad del Desarrollo; University of Copenhagen
摘要：The adoption of agriculture during the Neolithic period triggered the first demographic explosion in history. When fertility returned to its original level, agriculturalists were more numerous, more poorly nourished, and worked longer hours than their hunter-gatherer ancestors. We develop a dynamic price-theoretic model that rationalizes these events. In the short run, people are lured into agriculture by the increased labor productivity of both adults and children. In the long run, the growth...
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作者：Woo, Jaejoon
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; DePaul University
摘要：The relationship between income distribution and economic growth has long been an important economic research subject. Despite substantial evidence on the negative impact on long-term growth of inequality in the literature, however, there is not much consensus on the specific channels through which inequality affects growth. The empirical validity of two most prominent political economy channels - redistributive fiscal spending and taxes, and sociopolitical instability - has recently been chal...
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作者：Fleisher, Belton M.; Hu, Yifan; Li, Haizheng; Kim, Seonghoon
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Central University of Finance & Economics; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：We investigate the role of education on worker productivity and firms' total factor productivity using a panel of firm-level data from China. We estimate the returns to education by calculating the marginal productivity of workers of different education levels based on estimates of the firm-level production function. We also estimate how the education level of workers and CEO contributes to firms' total factor productivity. Estimated marginal products are much higher than wages, and the gap is...
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作者：Schubert, Stefan F.; Turnovsky, Stephen J.
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
摘要：This paper analyzes the impact of an increase in the price of oil on a small developing economy. We consider the extent to which the impacts of oil price shocks depend upon the economy's internal production structure and its access to the world financial market, and find that the long-run impact depends much more on the former than the latter. Two critical quantities summarizing the long-run effects are (i) the relative share of oil to labor in output and (ii) the elasticity of substitution in...
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作者：Linnemayr, Sebastian; Alderman, Harold
作者单位：RAND Corporation; The World Bank
摘要：Large-scale randomized interventions have the potential to uncover the causal effect of programs applying to a large population, thereby improving on the insights gained from currently dominant smaller randomized studies. However, the external validity gained through larger interventions typically risks deviation from the randomization protocol. This paper investigates the impact of the Nutrition Enhancement Program, which aims to improve child nutrition in Senegal. The analysis deals with dev...
