作者：Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University; Claremont McKenna College
摘要：This article examines the. Confederate cotton bonds floated in Europe in March 1863 and traded on the London market. Over a 27 March 1863 to 17 June 1865 sample we isolate two, nonreversed, turning points that follow news of Confederate: defeat, at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in July 1863 and the fall of Atlanta in September 1864. The analysis suggests that the turning points important to Southern interests differ from those identified for the Northern side by Kristen Willard, Timothy Guinnane, a...
作者：University of Pennsylvania
作者：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Geographic clustering in inventive activity has often been attributed to clustering in production. For the glass industry, we find that despite a general association between location of invention and production, there were significant deviations. Centers of production were not always centers of invention, and some of the most inventive areas, such as southern New England, had very limited production. We hypothesize that the growth of a market for technology facilitated a geographic division of...
作者：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Kansas City; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
