作者：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; Emory University
作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
作者：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; Trinity University
摘要：As the United States became more urbanized in the nineteenth century, local-government expenditures increased as local governments expanded their services in response to their growing populations. Expenditures at all levels of government increased substantially in the nineteenth century but local governments grew more than either the states or the federal government. Total local-government expenditures increased along with the growing urban population, but expenditures per urban resident also ...
作者：Tilburg University
摘要：We study a period of Javanese history when the consumption of opium was legal, but the supply of it was undergoing substantial institutional transformation. Through most of the nineteenth century the opium trade was organized into a system of revenue farms, which were privately owned local monopolies that bought raw opium from the government, refined it, and sold it to consumers. After 1893 this system was replaced by a government monopoly, the so-called opium regie, which controlled importati...
作者：Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University
作者：University of Wisconsin System
