2002

最新文章

• Britain's sterling colonial policy and decolonization 1939-1958. AI翻译
  作者：University of Oxford
• Concepts and patterns of service in the later middle ages. AI翻译
  作者：University of Otago
• New estimates of British unemployment, 1870-1913 AI翻译
  作者：United States Department of Labor; Cornell University; University of Essex
  摘要：We present new estimates of the British industrial unemployment rate for 18701913, which improve on the Board of Trade's prior estimates. We use similar sources, but our series includes additional industrial sectors, allows for short-time working, and aggregates the various sectors using appropriate labor-force weights from the census. The resulting index suggests a rate of industrial unemployment that was generally higher, but less volatile, than the board's index. We then adjust our series t...
• The German urban experience, 1900-1945: Modernity and crisis. AI翻译
  作者：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University Camden
• Friedrich Hayek: A biography. AI翻译
  作者：University of Freiburg
• Shelter from the storm: Housing and the Industrial Revolution, 1550-1909 AI翻译
  作者：University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：Housing was a major item of English consumer expenditure. Yet little is known of its average quality or rental cost. I estimate average rents, constant-quality rents, and housing quality from 1550 to 1909. Constant-quality rents rose substantially relative to other costs of living during the Industrial Revolution. This probably explains why, despite rising real wages, housing quality appears to have declined from 1760 to 1860. There were, however, substantial quality gains in the eighteenth ce...
• The demography of debts in colonial New England AI翻译
  作者：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
• Trade and traders in mid-Victorian Liverpool. AI翻译
  作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
• A new world order: The emergence of the classical gold standard, 1870-1913 AI翻译
  作者：University of Cambridge
• Markets for children in early America: A political economy of pauper apprenticeship AI翻译
  作者：University System of Ohio; University of Toledo; University System of Ohio; University of Toledo
  摘要：After beginning as a kind of outdoor poor relief, long-term indenture of poor children evolved into a specialized form of craft apprenticeship. Analysis of indenture terms indicates that relationships between end payments (freedom dues) and education and training clauses varied by region. In Boston, education and training clauses were associated negatively with freedom-dues clauses, but in Rhode Island and Charleston the relationship was positive. Variation in freedom dues to suit the needs of...