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作者:George Washington University
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作者:Stockholm School of Economics
摘要:This study estimates the size of the so-called informal, or unintermediated, credit market in one Swedish city through a period of economic transformation. In the early 1840s promissory notes accounted for more than half of the total credit market, and almost four times the value of credit channeled through the banking system. Even in the 1870s, the promissory-note market was twice the size of the loan volume of the banking system. By 1905 bank-based credit had finally surpassed the informal v...
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作者:Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
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作者:University of Munster
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作者:Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
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作者:Washington & Lee University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要:Using recently collected examination data from a sample of Texas state-chartered banks over the period 1919-1926, the role of moral hazard in increasing ex-ante asset risk is explored. Analyzing individual bank-level data, we find that the existence of deposit insurance for state-chartered banks increased their likelihood of failure. Increases in loan concentrations followed declines in capitalization at insured state banks. However, we find no statistically significant relationship between lo...
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作者:City St Georges, University of London
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作者:European University Institute
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作者:Claremont Colleges; Scripps College; Claremont Colleges; Claremont McKenna College; Claremont Graduate University
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作者:Bogazici University; University of Pennsylvania; Bogazici University; Bogazici University
摘要:Utilizing a large volume of archival documents, this study establishes for the first time the long-term trends in real wages of skilled and unskilled construction workers in Istanbul and other Ottoman cities in southeastern Europe and the Middle East, from the second half of the fifteenth century until World War I. A detailed consumer price index and nominal wage indices are constructed for the city of Istanbul for this purpose. These price and wage series are then inserted into a larger frame...