作者：United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
作者：University College Dublin; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：Using records of individual depositors' accounts, this article provides a detailed microeconomic analysis of two banking panics. The panics of 1854 and 1857 were not characterized by an immediate mass panic of depositors and had important time dimensions. We examine depositor behavior using a hazard model. Contagion was the key factor in 1854 but it created only a local panic. The 1857 panic began with runs by businessmen and banking sophisticates followed by less informed depositors. Evidence...
作者：Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman
作者：San Pablo CEU University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：During World War II the United States attempted to prevent Germany from acquiring wolfram (tungsten ore) in Spain by buying it in the open market. Preemptive buying forced the Germans to pay more for and to consume less tungsten, a material crucial for the production of machine tools and armor-piercing shells. The income provided an important incentive for Spain to remain neutral. The naval blockade and the relatively low elasticity of the supply of wolfram contributed to the success of the wo...
作者：Connecticut State University System; Southern Connecticut State University
