作者：State University of New York (SUNY) System; Binghamton University, SUNY
作者：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY
作者：University of London; King's College London
摘要：The debasement of the Byzantine gold coin during the reign of Constantine IX Monomachus (1042-1055) marked the end of more than seven centuries of near stability and the beginning of a sharp fall in the coin's gold content. I reject a widely accepted view that the debasement was caused by the increase in the number of transactions in an expanding economy. I explain the debasement as being a measure undertaken to finance the protracted war against the Pechenegs in the latter half of Constantine...
作者：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
作者：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
作者：Loyola University Maryland; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY)
摘要：We provide 16 purchasing-power-parity-adjusted estimates of U.K. and U.S. income per capita and output per worker between 1872 and 1990 based on new estimates of their price levels. Our income benchmarks depart from current estimates in four crucial respects. The United States, not the United Kingdom, led in income per capita in the 1870s. The United Kingdom kept pace with the United States through the late Victorian era. Most of the United Kingdom's relative decline occurred between 1905 and ...
作者：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
