作者：University of California System; University of California San Diego
作者：Harvard University; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：All sovereign governments face a commitment problem: how can they promise to honor their own agreements? The standard solutions involve reputation or political institutions capable of tying the government's hands. Mexico's government in the 1880s used neither solution. It compensated its creditors by enabling them to extract rents from the rest of the economy. These rents came through special privileges over banking services and the right to administer federal taxes. Returns were extremely hig...
作者：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
作者：University of Kansas; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article surveys the history of tourism in America from colonial times to World War II. In that time there were substantial increases in the numbers of tourists, in the extent to which middle-income classes participated, and in the number and type of tourist destinations; but most of that growth may have been confined to the period after World War I. The growth of income and reduced costs of travel no doubt explain most of the growth, but some cultural factors helped to shift out the deman...
作者：University of London; Royal Holloway University London
