作者：University of Oxford; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：Age data frequently display excess frequencies at attractive numbers, such as multiples of five. We use this age heaping to measure cognitive ability in quantitative reasoning, or numeracy. We construct a database of age heaping estimates with exceptional geographic and temporal coverage, and demonstrate a robust correlation of literacy and numeracy, where both can be observed. Extending the temporal and geographic range of our knowledge of human capital, we show that Western Europe had alread...
作者：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Four million blacks left the South from 1940 to 1970, doubling the northern black workforce. I exploit variation in migrant flows within skill groups over time to estimate the elasticity of substitution by race. I then use this estimate to calculate counterfactual rates of wage growth. I find that black wages in the North would have been around 7 percent higher in 1970 if not for the migrant influx, while white wages would have remained unchanged. On net, migration was an avenue for black econ...
