-
作者：University of Mississippi
-
作者：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Lowell
-
作者：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University
-
作者：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Lowell
-
作者：University of Pisa; University of Siena
摘要：The impact of protection on economic growth has enjoyed a revival in recent times, with the publication of a number of comparative quantitative papers. They all share a common weakness: they measure protection as the ratio of custom revenues to import value, which biases results if demand for imports is not perfectly inelastic. In this article, we show that the measure of protection matters. We estimate the James Anderson and Peter Neary (2005) Trade Restrictiveness Index for Italy from unific...
-
作者：Occidental College
摘要：Landschaften were cooperative mortgage associations that emerged in Prussia after the Seven Years War (1756-1763) to support the Prussian landed nobility. Landschaften issued covered mortgage bonds, called Pfandbriefe, which helped re-capitalize the Prussian estates. Relying on mortgage data for 554 estates, this article provides a detailed look at one of these institutionsthe Landschaft of East Prussia. The article offers insights into the self-selection of participants and the distribution o...
-
作者：Rhode, Paul; Carlos, Ann
-
作者：University of Rome Tor Vergata; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
摘要：The locomotive industry was one of the relatively sophisticated high tech sectors in which Italy, a late industrializer, was successful before 1913. Using technical data on the performance of different vintages of locomotives, we construct a new industry-level index of technical change. We also study the impact of different policy instruments (import duties, non-tariff trade barriers, and other discretionary interventions) in shaping the development of the industry. Our reassessment reveals no...
-
作者：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This review article examines the development of state capacitythe extractive and productive power of states in European history. To explain the historical evolution of state capacity, I focus on the role of political innovations. I relate state capacity improvements to long-run economic growth and the establishment of twentieth-century welfare states. The article concludes with historical lessons for developing nations today.
-
作者：American University
