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作者:University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
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作者:Boston University; Colgate University
摘要:The rollout of Rural Free Delivery (RFD) in the early twentieth century dramatically increased the frequency with which rural voters received information. This article examines the effect of RFD on voters' and Representatives' behavior using a panel dataset and instrumental variables. Communities receiving more routes spread their votes to more parties; there is no evidence it changed turnout. RFD shifted positions taken by Representatives in line with rural constituents, including increased s...
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作者:University of California System; University of California Davis; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
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作者:Tulane University
摘要:Richard Steckel and Nicolas Ziebarth (2016) find that biases in height by age imposed by traders versus non-traders were negligible. Importantly, their method of identifying traders differs from that of Jonathan Pritchett and Herman Freudenberger (1992). Using a sample of inward coastwise manifests for the port of New Orleans, we show that Steckel and Ziebarth made errors classifying shippers, that they underestimate the relative number of slaves shipped by traders, and that their empirical es...
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作者:University of Northampton
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作者:University of Delaware
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作者:University of Rochester
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作者:University of Namur; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要:This article investigates how, with increasing land pressure during Russian settlement in Kazakh steppes in the late nineteenth century, clan institutions affected the transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled agriculture. Using a novel dataset constructed from Russian colonial expedition materials matched with clan genealogies, we find that, controlling for geographic factors, clan identity strongly influenced the duration of transhumance period, the organization of production, and the a...
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作者:Michigan State University
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作者:University of Arizona; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro