作者：University of Manchester; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Manchester; Universidade de Lisboa; Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon (ICS-UL)
摘要：We construct the first time-series for Portugal's per capita GDP for 1527-1850, drawing on a new database. Starting in the early 1630s there was a highly persistent upward trend which accelerated after 1710 and peaked 40 years later. At that point, per capita income was high by European standards, though behind the most advanced Western European economies. But as the second half of the eighteenth century unfolded, a phase of economic decline was initiated. This continued into the nineteenth ce...
作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
作者：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：I compare rates of intergenerational occupational mobility across four countries in the late nineteenth century: 1869-1895 Argentina, 1850-1880 United States, 1851-1881 Britain, and 1865-1900 Norway. Argentina and the United States had similar levels of intergenerational mobility, and these levels were above those of Britain and Norway. These findings suggest that the higher mobility of nineteenth-century United States relative to Britain might not have been a reflection of American exceptiona...
