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作者:American University
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作者:Santa Clara University; University of Vienna
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作者:University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要:In the middle of the nineteenth century, a handful of societies began creating and enforcing impersonal rules, rules that treat everyone the same, on a broad scale. The existing institutional literatures, while appreciating the importance of impersonal rules for the rule of law, have not understood how they contribute to economic and political development through rules that are enforced but not followed: default rules. The conceptual importance of impersonal default rules is drawn out and then...
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作者:Stanford University; Amazon.com
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作者:University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Davis
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作者:University of California System; University of California Davis; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
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作者:University of Namur
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作者:Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
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作者:Kyoto University
摘要:This study reveals the operation of the triangular settlement system for Asia's silver absorption over the 1850s-60s, which contributed to the stabilization of the pre-1870 global monetary system. First, we demonstrate that the triangular settlement system among Britain, India, and China was established based on exchange operations. Second, we validate the bullion point method for Asia's settlement analysis and devise the triangular silver point mechanism. Third, through reconstructing silver ...
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作者:University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital