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作者：Tranæs, T
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：This article studies the impact of raiding opportunities in a labor market in which worker abilities differ. Recruiting firms can either raid an elsewhere-employed worker of known ability by bidding up his wage or go through costly search to find a good worker among the unemployed. In equilibrium, all types of workers experience unemployment, high-ability workers involuntarily. The raiding opportunities give rise to involuntary unemployment without changing the basic properties of the competit...
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作者：Wheeler, CH
作者单位：Tulane University
摘要：Studies have suggested that urban agglomeration enhances productivity by facilitating the firm-worker matching process. This article develops a model that formalizes this notion and demonstrates that, when firm capital and worker skill are complementary in production, urban agglomeration will tend to generate more efficient, yet segregated matches. As a result, not only will local market size be positively associated with average productivity, it will also generate greater between-skill-group ...
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作者：Yaniv, G
摘要：The employment effects of minimum wage noncompliance have been the focus of several theoretical contributions to the minimum wage literature, the dominating conclusion being that the noncomplying employer, while reducing employment below the free-market level, will still employ more labor than he would if complying. Allowing, however, for partial compliance, this study applies a portfolio-choice approach to the employer's problem, concluding surprisingly that the minimum wage law may give rise...
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作者：Angrist, JD; Lavy, V
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：Most research on the relationship between teacher characteristics and pupil achievement focuses on salaries, experience, and education. The effect of in-service training has received less attention. We estimate the effect of in-service teacher training on achievement in Jerusalem elementary schools using a matched-comparison design. Differences-in-differences, regression, and matching estimates suggest training in secular schools led to an improvement in test scores. The estimates for religiou...
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作者：Coulson, NE; Laing, D; Wang, P
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：We construct a search equilibrium model for a city with central and suburban labor markets that is consistent with the set of empirical regularities commonly associated with the spatial mismatch hypothesis: a higher rate of unemployment for central city residents than suburban residents, a higher job vacancy rate for suburban firms, and reverse commuting and higher suburban wages. The effectiveness and welfare implications of public policy programs that might be used to remedy the underlying m...
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作者：Hogan, C
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：In a world in which employment contracts are incomplete, it is costly for a firm to establish credibility for honoring implicit terms of employment agreements. By monitoring the employment relationships between the firm and its workers, the labor union may provide the workforce with valuable information regarding the firm's adherence to these implicit agreements. Thus, the union provides a signaling mechanism that allows workers to coordinate their actions in order to discipline the firm for a...
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作者：McLaughlin, KJ; Bils, M
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Hunter College (CUNY); University of Rochester; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate whether a market-clearing model is consistent with industry employment and wage patterns related to the cyclical upgrading of labor. We demonstrate that Roy's (1951) market-clearing model of self-selection would account for cyclical upgrading if industries were characterized by positive selection. Wage comparisons of industry movers and stayers in panel data do reveal widespread positive selection. Also consistent with the Roy model, composition-corrected industry wages are more...
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作者：Fredriksson, P; Holmlund, B
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：Should unemployment benefits be paid indefinitely at a fixed rate or should the rate decline (or increase) over a worker's unemployment spell? We examine these issues using an equilibrium model of search unemployment. The model features worker-firm bargaining over wages, free entry of new jobs, and endogenous search effort among the unemployed. The main result is that an optimal insurance program implies a declining benefit sequence over the spell of unemployment. Numerical calibrations of the...
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作者：Petrongolo, B
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：The assumption of constant returns in the matching function, embodied in most bilateral search models, is crucial to ensure the uniqueness of the unemployment rate along a steady-state growth path. This article explores the empirical viability of this assumption by estimating individual reemployment probabilities on a sample of unemployment entrants. I apply hazard models to survey data on both completed and uncompleted unemployment durations. The hypothesis of constant returns to matching is ...
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作者：Betts, JR
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：The article measures the impact of high school resources on women's educational attainment and earnings. No link emerges between education and school resources-as measured by the pupil-teacher ratio, spending per pupil, teachers' starting salaries, or books per student. For white women, no significant connection between school resources and wages is found. But school inputs are in several cases significantly and positively related to black women's wages. Wage elasticities with respect to schoo...
