-
作者：Jacob, Brian A.; Lefgren, Lars
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Brigham Young University
摘要：We examine how well principals can distinguish between more and less effective teachers. To put principal evaluations in context, we compare them with the traditional determinants of teacher compensation-education and experience-as well as value-added measures of teacher effectiveness based on student achievement gains. We present out-of-sample predictions that mitigate concerns that the teacher quality and student achievement measures are determined simultaneously. We find that principals ca...
-
作者：Blau, David M.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Consumption expenditure declines sharply at the time of retirement for many households, but the majority maintain a smooth consumption path. A simple life cycle model with uncertainty about the time of retirement can account for this pattern. A richer version of the model is calibrated to data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The median change in consumption expenditure at retirement generated by the model is zero, while the mean is negative, matching the HRS data. However, the magn...
-
作者：Poletaev, Maxim; Robinson, Chris
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：Measures of four basic skills, constructed from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, are used to examine the source of human capital specificity. The measures are used to characterize the skill portfolio of each job and to construct distance measures between jobs. Wage losses in the Displaced Worker Surveys are shown to be more closely associated with switching skill portfolios than switching industry or occupation code per se. These switches represent large decreases in the skill portfolio ...
-
作者：Schirle, Tammy
作者单位：Wilfrid Laurier University
摘要：This article seeks to explain the substantial increases in older men's labor force participation rates observed since the mid-1990s. Using data from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, I exploit the cohort effects driving recent increases in older women's participation rates to identify the effect of a wife's participation decision on her husband's participation decision. I then decompose the changes in older married men's participation rates, demonstrating that husbands' respon...
-
作者：Blundell, Richard; Brewer, Mike; Francesconi, Marco
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University College London; University of Essex
摘要：We use British panel data to investigate single women's labor supply changes in response to three reforms that affected individuals' work incentives. We use these reforms to identify changes in labor supply. There is evidence of small hours of work effects for two of such reforms. A third reform in 1999 instead led to a significant increase in single mothers' hours of work. The mechanism by which the labor supply adjustments were made occurred largely through job changes rather than hours chan...
-
作者：Lefebvre, Pierre; Merrigan, Philip
作者单位：University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal
摘要：In 1997, the provincial government of Quebec, the second most populous province in Canada, initiated a new child-care policy. Licensed child-care service providers began offering day-care spaces at the reduced fee of $5.00 per day per child for children aged 4. By 2000, the policy applied to all children not in kindergarten. Using annual data (1993-2002) drawn from Statistics Canada's Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, the results show that the policy had a large and statistically significa...
-
作者：Del Bono, Emilia; Weber, Andrea
作者单位：University of Essex; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This article investigates the existence of compensating wage differentials across seasonal and long-term jobs that arise due to anticipated working time restrictions. Using longitudinal information from the Austrian administrative records, we derive a definition of seasonality based on observed regularities in employment patterns. As wages change across seasonal and long-term jobs for the same individual over time, we can control for individual-specific effects and use variation in the startin...
-
作者：Hersch, Joni
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：Using data from the New Immigrant Survey 2003, this article shows that skin color and height affect wages among new lawful immigrants to the United States, controlling for education, English language proficiency, occupation in source country, family background, ethnicity, race, and country of birth. Immigrants with the lightest skin color earn on average 17% more than comparable immigrants with the darkest skin color. Taller immigrants have higher wages, but weight does not affect wages. Contr...
-
作者：Bloemen, Hans G.
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：A structural empirical job search model is presented that incorporates the labor supply decision of individuals. The arrival of a job offer is modeled as a random draw from a wage- hours offer distribution. Subjective information is used on desired working hours to identify optimal hours from offered hours. Policy simulations are performed to address several policy questions: Does a decrease in unemployment benefits lead to the acceptance of jobs with less preferred working hours? How does a d...
-
作者：Schnedler, Wendelin
作者单位：Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：A performance measure may or may not reflect the relative importance of different tasks for the production of benefit: it can be aligned or unaligned. Here, I examine when using an aligned measure generates a larger surplus in a principal-agent relationship than using an unaligned but otherwise identical measure. I find that (i) the agent's effort costs matter for the optimal way of measuring performance, and (ii) the optimal measure is not aligned but tilted toward tasks that the agent finds ...
