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作者：Cheng, Wei; Weinberg, Bruce
作者单位：East China University of Science and Technology; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：The diffusion and use of new ideas is critical for producing innovations and realizing their potential. We explore how characteristics of innovators and potential adopters affect the adoption of important, new scientific ideas in networks. Using rich data on biomedical researchers and their networks, natural language processing, and a novel two-way fixed effects strategy, we find that new ideas introduced by female scientists are underutilized for two reasons. First, female innovators are less...
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作者：Colas, Mark; McDonough, Robert
作者单位：University of Oregon; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：US social transfer programs vary substantially across states, incentivizing households to locate in states with more generous transfer programs. Furthermore, transfer formulas often decrease in income, thereby rewarding low-income households for living in low-paying cities. We quantify these distortions by combining a spatial equilibrium model with a detailed model of transfer programs in the United States. The current system leads to locational inefficiency of 4.88% of total transfer spending...
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作者：Cheung, Maria; Egebark, Johan; Forslund, Anders; Laun, Lisa; Rodin, Magnus; Vikstrom, Johan
作者单位：Malmo University; Malmo University; Uppsala University
摘要：Using a two-level randomized experiment, we find that job search assistance (JSA) reduces unemployment among the treated but also creates displacement effects. Analyses of mechanisms show that vacancy referrals from caseworkers to job seekers explain the positive effects for the treated by helping the job seekers apply to the most relevant jobs earlier. We also find that the overall assessment of JSA hinges on how the displacement effects hit the labor market and to what extent firms react by ...
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作者：Waldman, Michael; Yin, Zhenda
作者单位：Cornell University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Peking University
摘要：We consider how adverse selection affects the efficiency of turnover and postturnover job assignments. In the model, when a high-ability worker is not promoted at the worker's current employer because of a lack of available managerial openings, it is efficient for the worker to move to a firm seeking a high-ability worker to promote. But this type of turnover does not occur given asymmetric information and adverse selection. We show that up-or-out contracts can be an efficient response to this...
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作者：Cragun, Randy
摘要：This article uses state-specific timing of legal changes and data from the Current Population Survey and National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women to estimate effects of confidential access to the pill in late adolescence on earnings, labor force participation, and human capital accumulation over the life cycle, finding no evidence of effects. These results are contrary to past research, which imposed a restriction on the regression model that this article shows explains the past results.
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作者：Mohnen, Paul
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：Exploiting cross-commuting zone differences in age composition among the old, this paper estimates the impact of retirements on youth labor market outcomes over the period 1980-2017. In commuting zones where fewer workers retire because of the initial age structure, there is no evidence of significant effects on youth employment, but the share of younger workers in high-skill jobs declines, while the share of younger workers in low-skill jobs rises. Fewer retirements also leads to declining yo...
