Stratified wind from a super-Eddington X-ray binary is slower than expected

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Audard, Marc; Awaki, Hisamitsu; Ballhausen, Ralf; Bamba, Aya; Behar, Ehud; Boissay-Malaquin, Rozenn; Brenneman, Laura; Brown, Gregory V.; Corrales, Lia; Costantini, Elisa; Cumbee, Renata; Trigo, Maria Diaz; Done, Chris; Dotani, Tadayasu; Ebisawa, Ken; Eckart, Megan; Eckert, Dominique; Enoto, Teruaki; Eguchi, Satoshi; Ezoe, Yuichiro; Foster, Adam; Fujimoto, Ryuichi; Fujita, Yutaka; Fukazawa, Yasushi; Fukushima, Kotaro; Furuzawa, Akihiro; Gallo, Luigi; Garcia, Javier A.; Gu, Liyi; Guainazzi, Matteo; Hagino, Kouichi; Hamaguchi, Kenji; Hatsukade, Isamu; Hayashi, Katsuhiro; Hayashi, Takayuki; Hell, Natalie; Hodges-Kluck, Edmund; Hornschemeier, Ann; Ichinohe, Yuto; Ishida, Manabu; Ishikawa, Kumi; Ishisaki, Yoshitaka; Kaastra, Jelle; Kallman, Timothy; Kara, Erin; Katsuda, Satoru; Kanemaru, Yoshiaki; Kelley, Richard; Kilbourne, Caroline; Kitamoto, Shunji; Kobayashi, Shogo; Kohmura, Takayoshi; Kubota, Aya; Leutenegger, Maurice; Loewenstein, Michael; Maeda, Yoshitomo; Markevitch, Maxim; Matsumoto, Hironori; Matsushita, Kyoko; McCammon, Dan; Mcnamara, Brian; Mernier, Francois; Miller, Eric D.; Miller, Jon M.; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Mizumoto, Misaki; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Mori, Koji; Mukai, Koji; Murakami, Hiroshi; Mushotzky, Richard; Nakajima, Hiroshi; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Ness, Jan-Uwe; Nobukawa, Kumiko; Nobukawa, Masayoshi; Noda, Hirofumi; Odaka, Hirokazu; Ogawa, Shoji; Ogorzalek, Anna; Okajima, Takashi; Ota, Naomi; Paltani, Stephane; Petre, Robert; Plucinsky, Paul; Porter, Frederick Scott; Pottschmidt, Katja; Sato, Kosuke; Sato, Toshiki; Sawada, Makoto; Seta, Hiromi; Shidatsu, Megumi; Simionescu, Aurora; Smith, Randall; Suzuki, Hiromasa; Szymkowiak, Andrew; Takahashi, Hiromitsu; Takeo, Mai; Tamagawa, Toru; Tamura, Keisuke; Tanaka, Takaaki; Tanimoto, Atsushi; Tashiro, Makoto; Terada, Yukikatsu; Terashima, Yuichi; Tsuboi, Yohko; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Tsunemi, Hiroshi; Tsuru, Takeshi G.; Tumer, Aysegul; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Uchida, Nagomi; Uchida, Yuusuke; Uchiyama, Hideki; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Uno, Shinichiro; Vink, Jacco; Watanabe, Shin; Williams, Brian J.; Yamada, Satoshi; Yamada, Shinya; Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Yamaoka, Kazutaka; Yamasaki, Noriko; Yamauchi, Makoto; Yamauchi, Shigeo; Yaqoob, Tahir; Yoneyama, Tomokage; Yoshida, Tessei; Yukita, Mihoko; Zhuravleva, Irina; Neilsen, Joey; Tomaru, Ryota; Mehdipour, Missagh
• 署名单位: University of Geneva; Ehime University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Tokyo; Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Smithsonian Institution; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Durham University; University of Tokyo; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA); Institute of Space & Astronautical Science (ISAS); Kyoto University; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hiroshima University; Fujita Health University; Saint Marys University - Canada; California Institute of Technology; European Space Agency; European Space Research & Technology Centre; University of Miyazaki; RIKEN; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Saitama University; Rikkyo University; Tokyo University of Science; Tokyo University of Science; Shibaura Institute of Technology; University of Osaka; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Waterloo; Nagoya University; Hiroshima University; Tohoku Gakuin University; Kanto Gakuin University; European Space Agency; European Space Astronomy Center; Kindai University (Kinki University); Nara University Education; Tohoku University; Nara Womens University; Meiji University; Yale University; Konan University; Kagoshima University; Chuo University; Shizuoka University; Kyoto University; University of Amsterdam; RIKEN; Johns Hopkins University; University of Chicago; Villanova University; Space Telescope Science Institute
• 刊物名称: NATURE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-0836; 1476-4687
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09495-w
• 发表日期: 2025-10-02
• 关键词: black-hole; accretion disks; spectroscopy; simulations; radiation; feedback; features; coronae; radio

摘要

Accretion disks in strong gravity ubiquitously produce winds, seen as blueshifted absorption lines in the X-ray band of both stellar mass X-ray binaries (black holes and neutron stars)(1, 2, 3-4) and supermassive black holes(5). Some of the most powerful winds (termed Eddington winds) are expected to arise from systems in which radiation pressure is sufficient to unbind material from the inner disk (L greater than or similar to L-Edd). These winds should be extremely fast and carry a large amount of kinetic power, which, when associated with supermassive black holes, would make them a prime contender for the feedback mechanism linking the growth of those black holes with their host galaxies(6). Here we show the XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, which reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines. This Compton-thick wind significantly attenuates the flux, making it appear faint, although it is intrinsically more luminous than usual (L greater than or similar to L-Edd). However, the wind is extremely slow, more consistent with the predictions of thermal-radiative winds launched by X-ray irradiation of the outer disk than with the expected Eddington wind driven by radiation pressure from the inner disk. This puts new constraints on the origin of winds from bright accretion flows in binaries, but also highlights the very different origin required for the ultrafast (v similar to 0.3c) winds seen in recent Resolve observations of a supermassive black hole at a similarly high Eddington ratio(7).