The data-based power of big-tech multinational enterprises
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
Rong, Ke; Parente, Ronaldo; Deng, Ziliang; Kang, Zhengyao; Mudambi, Ram; Newburry, William
署名单位：
Tsinghua University; Peking University; University of Bristol; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; Tsinghua University; Peking University
刊物名称：
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES
ISSN/ISSBN：
0047-2506
DOI：
10.1057/s41267-025-00828-5
发表日期：
2026
关键词：
dependence
摘要：
Despite the increasing recognition of digital globalization in international business (IB) literature, there is a more pressing need for a comprehensive understanding of the unprecedented power generated by big-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs). This paper suggests that harnessing data ubiquity globally, instantaneously, and continuously represents a defining feature and a revolutionary power source for big-tech MNEs. By leveraging global data value chains through a mutually reinforcing data-AI feedback loop of data access, analysis, and application, big-tech MNEs can reshape IB practices and challenge global regulatory frameworks. Drawing on power-dependence theory, our research framework highlights a logic of power mutuality characterized by the interplay between power generation and power counterbalance. These two forces provide a holistic lens for examining how big-tech MNEs create data-based power, but are simultaneously countered by the economic and sociopolitical stakeholders of big-tech MNEs. We propose promising avenues for future research on MNEs' data strategies, global data value chains, foreignness and liabilities of data, and global data governance. Malgr & eacute; la reconnaissance croissante de la mondialisation num & eacute;rique dans la litt & eacute;rature des affaires internationales (International Business - IB), il est de plus en plus urgent de comprendre de mani & egrave;re approfondie le pouvoir sans pr & eacute;c & eacute;dent g & eacute;n & eacute;r & eacute; par les entreprises multinationales (Multinational Enterprises - MNEs) sp & eacute;cialis & eacute;es dans les technologies de pointe. Cet article sugg & egrave;re que l'exploitation mondiale, instantan & eacute;e et continue de l'ubiquit & eacute; des donn & eacute;es repr & eacute;sente & agrave; la fois une caract & eacute;ristique d & eacute;terminante et une source de pouvoir r & eacute;volutionnaire pour ces derni & egrave;res. En tirant parti des cha & icirc;nes de valeur mondiales des donn & eacute;es gr & acirc;ce & agrave; l'acc & egrave;s, l'analyse et l'application des donn & eacute;es, les MNEs de technologies de pointe peuvent remodeler les pratiques des affaires internationales et d & eacute;fier d'ailleurs les cadres r & eacute;glementaires mondiaux. S'appuyant sur la th & eacute;orie de la d & eacute;pendance au pouvoir, notre cadre de recherche met en lumi & egrave;re une logique de mutualit & eacute; du pouvoir, caract & eacute;ris & eacute;e par l'interaction entre la g & eacute;n & eacute;ration de pouvoir et le contrepoids au pouvoir. Ces deux forces apportent une perspective holistique pour examiner comment les MNEs de technologies de pointe cr & eacute;ent un pouvoir bas & eacute; sur les donn & eacute;es, tout en & eacute;tant contrebalanc & eacute;es par leurs parties prenantes sociopolitiques et & eacute;conomiques. Nous proposons des pistes prometteuses pour de futures recherches sur les strat & eacute;gies de donn & eacute;es des MNEs, les cha & icirc;nes de valeur mondiales des donn & eacute;es, l'& eacute;tranget & eacute; et les handicaps li & eacute;s aux donn & eacute;es, ainsi que sur la gouvernance mondiale des donn & eacute;es. A pesar del creciente reconocimiento de la globalizaci & oacute;n digital en la literatura de negocios internacionales (IB, por sus siglas en ingl & eacute;s), existe una necesidad urgente de comprender de manera integral el poder sin precedentes generado por las grandes empresas tecnol & oacute;gicas multinacionales. Este art & iacute;culo sugiere que explotar la ubicuidad de los datos a nivel global, de manera instant & aacute;nea y continua, representa una caracter & iacute;stica distintiva y una fuente revolucionaria de poder para las grandes multinacionales tecnol & oacute;gicas. Al aprovechar las cadenas globales de valor de datos mediante el acceso, an & aacute;lisis y aplicaci & oacute;n de estos, las grandes multinacionales tecnol & oacute;gicas pueden reformular las pr & aacute;cticas de negocios internacionales y desafiar los marcos regulatorios globales. Con base en la teor & iacute;a de dependencia de poder, nuestro marco de investigaci & oacute;n destaca una l & oacute;gica de reciprocidad de poder caracterizada por la interacci & oacute;n entre la generaci & oacute;n de poder y el contrapeso al poder. Estas dos fuerzas proporcionan una perspectiva hol & iacute;stica para examinar c & oacute;mo las grandes tecnol & oacute;gicas multinacionales generan poder basado en datos, pero simult & aacute;neamente enfrentan contrapesos de los grupos de inter & eacute;s econ & oacute;micos y sociopol & iacute;ticos de estas empresas. Proponemos l & iacute;neas prometedoras para futuras investigaciones sobre las estrategias de datos de las EMN, las cadenas globales de valor de datos, las desventajas de la condici & oacute;n de extranjer & iacute;a en el & aacute;mbito de los datos, as & iacute; como la gobernanza global de los datos. Apesar do crescente reconhecimento da globaliza & ccedil;& atilde;o digital na literatura de neg & oacute;cios internacionais (IB), h & aacute; uma necessidade mais urgente de uma compreens & atilde;o abrangente do poder sem precedentes gerado por grandes empresas multinacionais de tecnologia (MNEs). Este artigo sugere que aproveitar a ubiquidade de dados globalmente, de forma instant & acirc;nea e cont & iacute;nua, representa uma caracter & iacute;stica definidora e uma fonte revolucion & aacute;ria de poder para grandes MNEs de tecnologia. Ao explorar as cadeias globais de valor de dados por meio do acesso, an & aacute;lise e aplica & ccedil;& atilde;o de dados, grandes MNEs de tecnologia podem remodelar pr & aacute;ticas de neg & oacute;cios internacionais e desafiar marcos regulat & oacute;rios globais. Com base na teoria da depend & ecirc;ncia de poder, nosso modelo de pesquisa destaca uma l & oacute;gica de mutualidade de poder, caracterizada pela intera & ccedil;& atilde;o entre gera & ccedil;& atilde;o e contrapeso de poder. Essas duas for & ccedil;as fornecem uma perspectiva hol & iacute;stica para examinar como grandes MNEs de tecnologia criam poder baseado em dados, mas s & atilde;o simultaneamente contrabalan & ccedil;adas por stakeholders econ & ocirc;micos e sociopol & iacute;ticos dessas empresas. Propomos caminhos promissores para futuras pesquisas sobre estrat & eacute;gias de dados de MNEs, cadeias globais de valor de dados, estrangeirismo e passivos relacionados a dados, e governan & ccedil;a global de dados. 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