Hobbling the Monitors: Should U.N. Human Rights Monitors be Accountable?

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Alston, Philip
• 署名单位: New York University
• 刊物名称: HARVARD INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0017-8063
• 发表日期: 2011
• 页码: 561-649
• 关键词: INTERNATIONAL HUMAN-RIGHTS; UN; STATES; POLITICS; LAW; ORGANIZATIONS; INDEPENDENCE; PATHOLOGIES; legitimacy; DELEGATION

摘要

The critical issue examined in this Article is whether a group of monitors explicitly created to hold governments to account can be subjected to a strong accountability regime controlled by those same governments, without destroying the independence that is considered to be the system's hallmark. In 2007, a group of powerful governments pushed through a Code of Conduct to regulate the activities of Special Rapporteurs (SRs)-the United Nations' main system of human rights monitoring by independent experts. The same group has now proposed the establishment of a Legal Committee to enforce compliance with the Code through sanctions. Other governments, the SRs, and civil society groups are highly critical of the way the Code has been used so far to stifle the work of the monitors and strongly oppose the creation of any compliance mechanism. The Article notes the powerful pressures which have succeeded in insisting that almost all international actors should be accountable to their principals, and explores the strongest case that can be made for exempting SRs from this general trend It concludes that existing forms of accountability are weak, and probably inadequate, but that serious concerns about the undermining of the SRs' independence are also warranted. It calls for a new approach that recognizes the multifaceted nature of the notions of independence and accountability and ends with a specific proposal for a legal committee designed to strengthen both notions and enhance the legitimacy of the system as a whole.