Estimating time-varying causal excursion effects in mobile health with binary outcomes

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Qian, Tianchen; Yoo, Hyesun; Klasnja, Predrag; Almirall, Daniel; Murphy, Susan A.
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Harvard University
• 刊物名称: BIOMETRIKA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0006-3444
• DOI: 10.1093/biomet/asaa070
• 发表日期: 2021
• 页码: 507527
• 关键词: randomized trials; longitudinal data; inference; models; noncompliance

摘要

Advances in digital technology and wearables have made it possible to deliver behavioural mobile health interventions to individuals in their everyday lives. Micro-randomized trials are increasingly used to provide data to inform the construction of these interventions. In a micro-randomized trial, each individual is repeatedly randomized among multiple intervention options, often hundreds or even thousands of times over the course of the trial. The work reported in this article is motivated by multiple micro-randomized trials that have been conducted or are currently in the field, in which the primary outcome is a longitudinal binary outcome. The primary aim of such micro-randomized trials is to examine whether a particular time-varying intervention has an effect on the longitudinal binary outcome, often marginally over all, but a small subset of the individual's data. We propose the concept of causal excursion effect, which can be used in such a primary-aim analysis for micro-randomized trials with binary outcomes. Under rather restrictive assumptions one can derive, based on existing literature, a semiparametric, locally efficient estimator of the causal effect. Starting from this estimator, we develop an estimator that can be used as the basis of a primary-aim analysis under more plausible assumptions. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the estimators. We illustrate the proposed methods using data from the micro-randomized trial BariFit, the goal of which is to support weight maintenance for individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery.