On selection and conditioning in multiple testing and selective inference

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Goeman, Jelle J.; Solari, Aldo
• 署名单位: Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC); University of Milano-Bicocca
• 刊物名称: BIOMETRIKA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0006-3444
• DOI: 10.1093/biomet/asad078
• 发表日期: 2024
• 页码: 393416
• 关键词: false discovery rate; confidence-intervals; FDR CONTROL; P-values; sample

摘要

We investigate a class of methods for selective inference that condition on a selection event. Such methods follow a two-stage process. First, a data-driven collection of hypotheses is chosen from some large universe of hypotheses. Subsequently, inference takes place within this data-driven collection, conditioned on the information that was used for the selection. Examples of such methods include basic data splitting as well as modern data-carving methods and post-selection inference methods for lasso coefficients based on the polyhedral lemma. In this article, we take a holistic view of such methods, considering the selection, conditioning and final error control steps together as a single method. From this perspective, we demonstrate that multiple testing methods defined directly on the full universe of hypotheses are always at least as powerful as selective inference methods based on selection and conditioning. This result holds true even when the universe is potentially infinite and only implicitly defined, such as in the case of data splitting. We provide general theory and intuition before investigating in detail several case studies where a shift to a nonselective or unconditional perspective can yield a power gain.