FUNCTIONAL FACTOR MODELING OF BRAIN CONNECTIVITY

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Stanley, Kyle; Lazar, Nicole; Reimherr, Mathew
• 署名单位: Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
• 刊物名称: ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1932-6157
• DOI: 10.1214/25-AOAS2022
• 发表日期: 2025
• 页码: 1553-1577
• 关键词: INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; inference; networks; time

摘要

Many fMRI analyses examine functional connectivity, or statistical dependencies among remote brain regions. Factor analysis, which parsimoniously describes correlations between many observed variables, offers a natural framework in which to study such dependencies. However, multivariate factor models break down when applied to functional and spatiotemporal data, like fMRI. We present a factor model for discretely-observed multidimensional functional data that is well suited to the study of functional connectivity. Unlike classical factor models which decompose a multivariate observation into a common term that captures covariance between observed variables and an uncorrelated idiosyncratic term that captures variance unique to each observed variable, our model decomposes a functional observation into two uncorrelated components: a global term that captures long-range dependencies and a local term that captures short-range dependencies. We show that if the global covariance is smooth with finite rank and the local covariance is banded with potentially infinite rank, then this decomposition is identifiable. Under these conditions, recovery of the global covariance amounts to rank-constrained matrix completion, which we exploit to formulate consistent estimators. Through simulations and an application to resting-state fMRI data, we demonstrate that our approach offers several distinct advantages over popular functional connectivity methods.