A CLASSIFICATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL STOCHASTIC ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Hening, Alexandru; Nguyen, Dang H.; Schreiber, Sebastian J.
• 署名单位: Tufts University; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; University of California System; University of California Davis
• 刊物名称: ANNALS OF APPLIED PROBABILITY
• ISSN/ISSBN: 1050-5164
• DOI: 10.1214/21-AAP1699
• 发表日期: 2022
• 页码: 893-931
• 关键词: lotka-volterra equation; Limit-cycles; Replicator dynamics; global perspective; coexistence; persistence; STABILITY; models; environments; COMPETITION

摘要

The classification of the long-term behavior of dynamical systems is a fundamental problem in mathematics. For both deterministic and stochastic dynamics specific classes of models verify Palis' conjecture: the long-term behavior is determined by a finite number of stationary distributions. In this paper we consider the classification problem for stochastic models of interacting species. For a large class of three-species, stochastic differential equation models, we prove a variant of Palis' conjecture: the long-term statistical behavior is determined by a finite number of stationary distributions and, generically, three general types of behavior are possible: 1) convergence to a unique stationary distribution that supports all species, 2) convergence to one of a finite number of stationary distributions supporting two or fewer species, 3) convergence to convex combinations of single species, stationary distributions due to a rock-paper-scissors type of dynamic. Moreover, we prove that the classification reduces to computing Lyapunov exponents (external Lyapunov exponents) that correspond to the average per-capita growth rate of species when rare. Our results stand in contrast to the deterministic setting where the classification is incomplete even for three-dimensional, competitive Lotka-Volterra systems. For these SDE models, our results also provide a rigorous foundation for ecology's modern coexistence theory (MCT) which assumes the external Lyapunov exponents determine long-term ecological outcomes.