Descriptive representation and policyrnaking authority: Evidence from women in cabinets and bureaucracies

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Whitford, Andrew B.; Wilkins, Vicky M.; Ball, Mercedes G.
• 署名单位: University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
• 刊物名称: GOVERNANCE-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICY ADMINISTRATION AND INSTITUTIONS
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0952-1895
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00372.x
• 发表日期: 2007
• 关键词: national legislatures; CONTEXTUAL FACTORS; electoral systems; sample selection; GOVERNMENT; ministers; GENDER; RECRUITMENT; Parliament; variables

摘要

We, examine the forces for the descriptive representation of women in ministerial and subministerial positions. We offer a unified model in which portfolio allocation makes political forces for descriptive representation more important in the case of ministerial lines; in contrast, labor market forces determine the extent of descriptive representation in subministerial lines. We provide evidence for this claim from data for 72 countries and show that the advancement of women into ministerial posts depends on the form of electoral system and presence of women in the legislature (conditional on being in a parliamentary system). In contrast, the subministerial representation for women depends on the supply of women in the workforce. Additionally, the increased incidence of women in ministerial lines is associated with an increase in representation in subministerial lines.