What Are You Saying? Using topic to Detect Financial Misreporting

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Brown, Nerissa C.; Crowley, Richard M.; Elliott, W. Brooke
• 署名单位: University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Singapore Management University
• 刊物名称: JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0021-8456
• DOI: 10.1111/1475-679X.12294
• 发表日期: 2020
• 页码: 237-291
• 关键词: ANNUAL-REPORT READABILITY; INTERNAL CONTROL; Textual analysis; CURRENT EARNINGS; disclosure; ENFORCEMENT; determinants; complexity; words; FRAUD

摘要

We use a machine learning technique to assess whether the thematic content of financial statement disclosures (labeled topic) is incrementally informative in predicting intentional misreporting. Using a Bayesian topic modeling algorithm, we determine and empirically quantify the topic content of a large collection of 10-K narratives spanning 1994 to 2012. We find that the algorithm produces a valid set of semantically meaningful topics that predict financial misreporting, based on samples of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enforcement actions (Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases [AAERs]) and irregularities identified from financial restatements and 10-K filing amendments. Our out-of-sample tests indicate that topic significantly improves the detection of financial misreporting by as much as 59% when added to models based on commonly used financial and textual style variables. Furthermore, models that incorporate topic significantly outperform traditional models when detecting serious revenue recognition and core expense errors. Taken together, our results suggest that the topics discussed in annual report filings and the attention devoted to each topic are useful signals in detecting financial misreporting.