Optimal Routing Under Demand Surges: The Value of Future Arrival Rates

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Chen, Jinsheng; Dong, Jing; Shi, Pengyi
• 署名单位: Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR); A*STAR - Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech); Columbia University; Purdue University System; Purdue University
• 刊物名称: OPERATIONS RESEARCH
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0030-364X
• DOI: 10.1287/opre.2022.0282
• 发表日期: 2025
• 关键词: maximum pressure policies; convex delay costs; Asymptotic Optimality; emergency-department; process flexibility; parallel servers; call center; QUEUE; performance; principles

摘要

Motivated by the growing availability of advanced demand forecast tools, we study how to use future demand information in designing routing strategies in queueing sys-tems under demand surges. We consider a parallel server system operating in a nonstation-ary environment with general time-varying arrival rates. Servers are cross-trained to help nonprimary customer classes during demand surges. However, such flexibility comes with various operational costs, such as a loss of efficiency and inconvenience in coordination. We characterize how to incorporate the future arrival information into the routing policy to bal-ance the tradeoff between various costs and quantify the benefit of doing so. Based on tran-sient fluid control analysis, we develop a two-stage index-based look-ahead policy that explicitly takes the overflow costs and future arrival rates into account. The policy has an interpretable structure, is easy to implement and is adaptive when the future arrival informa-tion is inaccurate. In the special case of the N-model, we prove that this policy is asymptoti-cally optimal even in the presence of certain prediction errors in the demand forecast. We substantiate our theoretical analysis with extensive numerical experiments, showing that our policy achieves superior performance compared with other benchmark policies (i) in compli-cated parallel server systems and (ii) when the demand forecast is imperfect with various forms of prediction errors.