Empirical Distribution of Equilibrium Play and Its Testing Application

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Babichenko, Yakov; Barman, Siddharth; Peretz, Ron
• 署名单位: Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Indian Institute of Science (IISC) - Bangalore; Bar Ilan University
• 刊物名称: MATHEMATICS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0364-765X
• DOI: 10.1287/moor.2016.0794
• 发表日期: 2017
• 页码: 15-29

摘要

We show that in any n-player, m-action normal-form game, we can obtain an approximate equilibrium by sampling any mixed-action equilibrium a small number of times. We study three types of equilibria: Nash, correlated, and coarse-correlated. For each one we obtain upper and lower bounds on the number of samples required for the empirical distribution over the sampled action profiles to form an approximate equilibrium with probability close to 1. These bounds imply that using a small number of samples we can test whether or not players are playing according to an approximate equilibrium, even in games where n and m are large. In addition, our results substantially improve previously known upper bounds on the support size of approximate equilibria in games with many players. In particular, for the three types of equilibria we show the existence of approximate equilibrium with support-size polylogarithmic in n and m, whereas the previously best-known upper bounds were polynomial in n (Hemon et al. [Hemon S, de Rougemont M, Santha M (2008) Approximate nash equilibria for multi-player games. Algorithmic Game Theory (Springer), 267-278], Germano and Lugosi [Germano F, Lugosi G (2007) Existence of sparsely supported correlated equilibria. Econom. Theory 32(3): 575-578], Hart et al. [Hart S, Mas-Colell A, Babichenko Y (2013) Simple Adaptive Strategies: From Regret-Matching to Uncoupled Dynamics, Vol. 4 (World Scientific Publishing Company)]).