Ad Blocking

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Gritckevich, Aleksandr; Katona, Zsolt; Sarvary, Miklos
• 署名单位: Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
• 刊物名称: MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0025-1909
• DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2021.4106
• 发表日期: 2022
• 页码: 4703-4724
• 关键词: Advertising; game theory; media competition; extortion

摘要

In recent years, ad blocking has become a significant threat to advertising -supported content. Adblockers typically negotiate with publishers, allowing some ads to go through in return for a payment, a practice called (partial) whitelisting in the industry. Ad blocking has a direct positive effect on consumers by reducing advertising intensity. On the other hand, the practice clearly hurts publishers and reduces their incentives to in-vest in content quality. Lower content quality, in turn has an indirect negative effect on consumers. This paper builds an analytic model to explore the net impact of ad blocking on consumers, how it depends on various market characteristics, and how uniformly it af-fects consumers. The results show that under a broad set of market conditions, total con-sumer surplus and even total welfare decline under ad blocking. Whereas some consumers are always better off with an ad blocker, for the average consumer, the impact of quality decline is larger than that of ad reduction. The analysis highlights the detrimental role of ad blockers' current revenue model-in which value is created for the consumers but it is captured from publishers-in decreasing quality, consumer surplus, and total welfare. Analyzing the impact of varying levels of negotiation power between the ad blocker and publisher reveals that full negotiation power is not preferred by the ad blocker. A lower ne-gotiation power allows the ad blocker to commit to less value extraction from the publish-er, thereby leading to higher content quality. Additional model extensions show that the main results are robust. In the case of multiple publishers with different levels of competi-tion between them, the strong negative effect of ad blocking on quality holds.