Inferring the Unofficial Incomes of Officials from Home Ownership

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Deng, Yongheng; Wei, Shang-Jin
• 署名单位: University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
• 刊物名称: MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0025-1909
• DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2021.01725
• 发表日期: 2025
• 关键词: corruption; BRIBERY; housing asset

摘要

We estimate the size of the likely unofficial income of the government official household by assessing the difference between the income necessary to explain their observed home purchase behavior and the official income. Using unique and comprehensive House Provident Fund and home purchases data between 2006 and 2013 in a large Chinese city, we reach three conclusions. First, an average official's unofficial income is 83% of her official income; this percentage increases sharply with the official's rank. Second, about 13% of the officials have an unofficial income, and the proportion also increases with rank. Third, government officials are not underpaid, and their unofficial incomes are not compensation for low government salaries. Additionally, evidence suggests that unofficial incomes have declined since the recent anticorruption campaign. An analysis of a separate crosscity data set corroborates the key conclusion.