Multiechelon Procurement and Distribution Policies for Traded Commodities

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Goel, Ankur; Gutierrez, Genaro J.
• 署名单位: University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
• 刊物名称: MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0025-1909
• DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.1110.1430
• 发表日期: 2011
• 页码: 2228-2244
• 关键词: commodity procurement; Commodity markets; marginal convenience yield; multiechelon inventory management

摘要

We consider a firm that procures and distributes a commodity from spot and forward markets under randomly fluctuating prices; the commodity is distributed downstream to a set of nonhomogeneous retailers to satisfy random demand. We formulate a model that allows one to compute approximate, but near optimal, procurement and distribution policies for this system, and we explore the value of the commodity's market in providing managers with (a) additional flexibility in procurement and (b) information on price dynamics generated through the trading of futures contracts. Our results indicate that the presence of the commodity market and the information that it conveys may lead to significant reductions in inventory-related costs; however, to obtain these benefits, both the spot procurement flexibility and the term structure of prices generated by the commodity market must be incorporated in the formulation of the operating policy. Managerial insights on the procurement strategy as a function of variability in prices and demand are also discussed.