Learning from Their Daughters: Family Exposure to Gender Disparity and Female Representation in Male-Led Ventures

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Wu, Zhiyan; Naldi, Lucia; Wennberg, Karl; Uman, Timur
• 署名单位: Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Jonkoping University; Stockholm School of Economics
• 刊物名称: MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0025-1909
• DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2023.4727
• 发表日期: 2024
• 关键词: Homophily; GENDER; entrepreneurship; FAMILY; daughter effects; founder-CEO; Board of directors; funding; K; Wennberg acknowledges funding from the Swedish Royal Academy of Letter

摘要

We build on recent studies on daughter-to-father influence to explore how male founders' fatherhood of daughters impacts female representation in their ventures. We find that, conditional on the total number of children, fathering an additional daughter ver-sus a son is associated with a 4% (11%) increase in female director (employee) representa-tion. This daughter-to-father effect gradually matures as daughters grow up and socialize in schools and workplaces, and it increases as daughters age, suggesting that male foun-ders vicariously learn from their daughters about the constraints women face throughout the daughters' life cycles. Heterogeneity analyses (regarding founder cohort, divorce sta-tus, and social class), combined with qualitative evidence, further substantiate the plausi-bility of vicarious learning as a potential yet understudied mechanism underlying daughter effects. In addition, daughter effects on employee recruitment are concentrated in microbusinesses (number of employees is symbolscript where the founder is close in decision authority to all employees. These findings add important nuances to our understanding of daughter effects in organizational contexts and extend theory of gender homophily in organizations.